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Science daily flashcards > week one > Flashcards

week one Flashcards

1
Q

viscosity

A

a substance’s internal resistance to flow.

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2
Q

tephra

A

rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground.

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3
Q

pyroclastic flow:

A

swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption.
(stuff from volcanos) (pyro-vocano fireworks that are duds, smoke bombs)

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4
Q

pluton (PLOO tahn):* MUST KNOW THIS TO UNDERSTAND OTHER CONCEPTS!!!!!

A

intrusive igneous rock body, including batholiths, stocks, sills, and dikes, formed through mountain-building processes and oceanic-oceanic collisions; can be exposed at Earth’s surface due to uplift and erosion.

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5
Q

batholith

A

coarse-grained, irregularly-shaped pluton that covers at least 100 km2; generally forms 10–30 km below Earth’s surface; and is common in the interior of major mountain chains.

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5
Q

batholith

A

coarse-grained, irregularly-shaped pluton that covers at least 100 km2; generally forms 10–30 km below Earth’s surface; and is common in the interior of major mountain chains.

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6
Q

stock

A

irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 5–30 km beneath Earth’s surface, and cuts across older rocks.
\stocking bathotliths wants to be like a batholith
goes up

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6
Q

stock

A

irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 5–30 km beneath Earth’s surface, and cuts across older rocks.

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7
Q

laccolith (LA kuh lihth) :

A

relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth’s surface.

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8
Q

sill:

A

pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers.

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9
Q

dike:

A

luton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rock bodies.

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10
Q

hot spot::

A

unusually hot area in Earth’s mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.

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11
Q

volcanism:

A

describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam.
hot spot:

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12
Q

flood basalt:

A

huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures.

the salt makes the vinigerVOLCANO flood

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13
Q

fissure:

A

long crack in Earth’s crust.

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14
Q

conduit

A

a tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface.

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15
Q

vent

A

opening in Earth’s crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface.
VENTING side of volcano lets lava out

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16
Q

crater

A

bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano.

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17
Q

crater

A

bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano.

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18
Q

caldera

A

large crater, up to 100 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption

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19
Q

shield volcano

A

broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by non-explosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers.

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20
Q

cinder cone

A

broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by non-explosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers.
broad salt chocolate covered shouldered man gentle gaint

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21
Q

composite volcano

A

generally cone-shaped with concave slopes; built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers.
( composure, cone cave, violent seasalt icecream cone, diped in alternating layers of chocolate)

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22
Q

plastic deformation

A

permenenet deformation caused by strain when stress exceeds a certain value

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23
Q

elastic deformation

A

is caused when a materal is bent or streched it returtes to original state

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24
Q

fault

A

A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep.

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25
Q

focus

A

original fault rupture where an earthquake originates

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26
Q

epicenter

A

the point on earth’s surface directly above the focus

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27
Q

Isostasy

A

condition of equalibrim that describes the dispalcement of easrths mantle

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28
Q

Root

A

thickened areas of contineltial material that counterbalances mountains

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29
Q

Isostatic rebound

A

the slow process of eaths crust rising due to removeal of overlaying material

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30
Q

orogeny

A

the process of mountain formation (especially by the upward displacement of the earth’s crust)

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31
Q

Uplifted mountain

A

forms whe large regions of earth’s surface a re lifted up without much deforamtion

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32
Q

exfolitation

A

Exfoliation is a form of mechanical weathering in which curved plates of rock are stripped from rock below. This results in exfoliation domes or dome-like hills and rounded boulders.

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33
Q

mass movment

A

the downhill movement of rock and soil because of gravity

soil masses moving down

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34
Q

creep

A

the slow downhill movement of weathered rock material

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35
Q

mudflow

A

swiftly moving mixtures of mud and water

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36
Q

landslide

A

the sudden movement of rock and soil down a slope

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37
Q

slump

A

A type of mass movement that occurs when a mass of material moves down a curved slope

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38
Q

avalanche

A

great mass of falling snow and ice

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39
Q

defltion

A

Lowering of land surface caused by wind erosion of loose surface particles, often leaving coarse sediments behind.

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40
Q

abrasion

A

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

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41
Q

ventifacts

A

rocks shaped by wind blown sediments

42
Q

dune

A

A hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind

43
Q

loess

A

A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt

44
Q

glacier

A

vA large mass of moving ice and snow on land

45
Q

vally glaciers

A

glaciers that form in valleys in high, mountainous areas

46
Q

cirques

A

bowl-shaped basins eroded by valley glaciers

cirque bowls basin cirqu eroded by glaciers

47
Q

morines

A

A mound, ridge, or mass of material that were left on the ground by a receding glacier.
MOrine is a girl that leaves a mess from her melting ice

48
Q

outwash plains

A

area in front of a glacier in which melt water from the glacier has carried & deposited an abundance of sorted material
(where the way the plains have glaiciers have been outwashed and put it there)

49
Q

drumlins

A

a long, canoe shaped hill made of till and shaped by an advancing glacier
(looks like a cut, tiger claw)

50
Q

eskers

A

long, winding ridges of sediment deposited by meltwater streams that flowed in tunnels within, or under glaciers
Real tiger claws

51
Q

kame

A

a steep-sided mound of sand and gravel deposited by a melting ice sheet.
ka me
ka-nt me-ak me clean the dust pile

52
Q

kettles

A

large holes left from the melting of huge chunks of glacial ice lodged in till or outwash

53
Q

run off

A

Water flowing downslope along Earth’s surface

54
Q

watershed

A

Land area whose water drains into a stream system

shedding water into shedding stream

55
Q

divide

A

elevated land that divides one watershed from another

DIved watersheads, mesuem dividers in water, divides like a dam

56
Q

suspension

A

the method of transport for all particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of a stream’s moving water

57
Q

bed load

A

sand, pebbles, and boulders that are moved along the bed of a stream and that are too heavy to be carried in suspension
the stream loax load of the bed too heavy waterfall it falls but is is moved

58
Q

discharge

A

measure of a volume of stream water that flows over a specific location in a particular amount of time
discharging results of how much water there is

59
Q

flood plain

A

The broad, flat area that extends out from a stream’s bank and is covered by excess water during times of flooding
land plains where it floods over

60
Q

stream channel

A

Narrow pathway carved into sediment or rock by the movement of surface water
channel made by stream

61
Q

what do stream banks do?

A

Hold the moving water within them

62
Q

base level

A

The elevation at which it enters another stream or body of water\

base where one water stream meets another

63
Q

meander

A

a bend or curve in a stream channel caused by moving water

64
Q

delta

A

Triangluar deposit that forms where a stream enters a large body of water.

65
Q

rejuvination

A

Triangluar deposit that forms where a stream enters a large body of water.
Rejuvenation
Process during which a stream resumes downcutting toward its base level, increasing its rate of flow

66
Q

eutrification

A

The process by which the surrounding watershed enriches bodies of water with nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth

67
Q

infilteration

A

Process by which precipitation that has fallen on land surfaces enters the ground and becomes groundwater

68
Q

zone of saturation

A

Region below Earth’s surface where all the pores of a material are completely filled with groundwater.

69
Q

water table

A

the upper surface of underground water; the upper boundary of the zone of saturation

70
Q

zone of areation

A

Zone in soil that is not saturated with water and that lies above the water table.’

71
Q

permibility

A

The ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces, or pores.

72
Q

auquifers

A

what Groundwater flows through permeable sediment and rock

73
Q

Aquacludes

A

Impermeable layers that are barriers to grounwater flow.

74
Q

springs

A

natural discharges of groundwater that tends to occur where an aquifer and an aquiclude come in contact with Earth’s surface.

75
Q

A place where evaporation exceeds precipitation. (Choose 2)

A

A place where evaporation exceeds precipitation. (Choose 2)

semi-arid climate and arid climate

76
Q

hot springs

A

a spring whose water issues at a temperature higher than that of its surroundings

77
Q

geysers

A

hot springs that shoot jets of steam and heated water into the air

78
Q

wells

A

Holes dug or drilled deep into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater

79
Q

drawdown

A

A lowering of the groundwater level caused by pumping.

80
Q

recharge

A

Water from precipitation replenishes the water content of an aquifer

81
Q

sinkhole

A

a cavity in the ground, especially in limestone bedrock, caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground.

82
Q

karst topography

A

A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns and sinkholes.

83
Q

stactlite

A

A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave

84
Q

stagalmite

A

A cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave

85
Q

The original characteristics of an air mass are determined by __________________________.

A

the source area where it formed

86
Q

condesnsation nuclei

A

Microscopic particles on which water vapor condenses to form cloud droplets.

87
Q

albedo

A

reflection of a surface

88
Q

air mass

A

Large volume of air that has the characteristics of the area over which it forms.

89
Q

source region

A

Area over which an air mass forms.

90
Q

coriols effect

A

Effect of a rotating body that influences the motion of any object or fluid; on Earth, air moving north or south from equator appears to move right or left, respectively; the combination of the Coriolis effect and Earth’s heat imbalance creates the trade winds, polar easterlies, and prevailing westerlies.

91
Q

polar easterlies

A

Global wind systems that lie between latitudes 60 N and 60 S and the poles and is characterized by cold air.

92
Q

prevailing westerlies

A

Global wind system that lies between 30 and 60 degrees north and south latitudes, where surface air moves toward the poles in an easterly direction.

93
Q

trade winds

A

Two global wind systems that flow between 30 degrees north and south latitudes, where air sinks, warms and returns to the equator in a westerly direction.

94
Q

jet stream

A

Narrow wind band that occurs above large temperature contrasts and can flow as fast as 185 km/h.

95
Q

front

A

Boundary between two air masses of differing densities; can be cold, warm, stationary, or occluded and can stretch over large areas of Earth’s surface.

96
Q

barometer

A

Instrument used to measure air pressure.

97
Q

ANEMOTER

A

Weather instrument used to measure wind speed.

98
Q

hygrometer

A

Weather instrument used to measure humidity.

99
Q

radiosonde

A

Balloon-borne weather instrument whose sensors measure air pressure, humidity, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction of the upper atmosphere.

100
Q

dopplar effect

A

Change in the way frequency that occurs due to the relative motion of the wave as it moves toward or away from an observer.

101
Q

station model

A

Record of weather data for a specific place at a specific time, using meteorological symbols.

102
Q

iso bar

A

Line on a weather map connecting areas of equal pressure.

103
Q

iso therm

A

Line on a weather map connecting areas of equal temperature.

104
Q

digital forecast

A
105
Q

analog forecast

A

weather forecast that compares current weather patterns to patterns that occurred in the past

Science daily flashcards (1 decks)

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