Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY331 Psychology of Language > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Communication

A

the transmission of information from one source to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Language

A

A system of symbols that convey meaning because of shared rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Linguistics

A

Structure of language

Descriptive rather than prescriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Linguists try to :

A

Describe language

Account for what people say and find acceptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Focus of Psychology of Language:

A

the study of the psychological processes by which people acquire and use language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psych of language addresses:

A

Comprehension

Production

Acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ultimate goals of psycholinguistics

A

To develop an integrated account of:

how users of language produce/understand language

children acquire these abilities so quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why haven’t these goals been met?

A

Language is a complex system

Research techniques are sometimes inadequate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phonemes

A

smallest unit of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phonetics

A

speech sounds and how they are articulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phonology

A

how sounds are used and categorised within a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phonotactics

A

The rules for combining sounds within a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intonation

A

the rise and fall of the voice in speaking

e.g. she spoke English with a German intonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prosody

A

patterns of intonation and stress

In English, prosody can distinguish grammatical contrasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Morphemes

A

smallest units of meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Morphology

A

the study of how words are built up from morphemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Free morphemes

A

can stand alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bound morphemes

A

cannot stand alone but still add meaning

e.g. -ing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Semantics

A

word meanings in our mental lexicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function words

A

have ambiguous meaning

prepositions, articles, pronouns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Content words

A

carry the most meaning

e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Syntax

A

rules for combining words into sentences

understand all words in a sentence as well as what they mean when combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pragmatics

A

language in real world context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does pragmatics include?

A

word choice/interpretation according to the situation

guides use of language in context, such as in politeness systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is register in pragmatics?

A

appropriate level of written or spoken language for a given situation

26
Q

Discourse

A

verbal or written interaction longer than a single utterance

unit of language longer than a single sentence

27
Q

Listener/reader of discourse

A

must go beyond understanding single words and phrases

must evaluate discourse in terms of particular context and prior knowledge

28
Q

Metalinguistics

A

thinking about language

29
Q

how many languages are still spoken?

A

2,700 to 10,000

30
Q

Inclusion of new words includes

A

borrowing from other languages

giving new meanings to old words

inventing new words

31
Q

modalities of language

A

spoken language: part of being human; all cultures

written language: relatively recent; some cultures; differs in nature of representation

signed language : some cultures

32
Q

Where did language come from?

A

natural selection

changing skull shape allowed articulatory apparatus to develop

33
Q

Vocal-auditory channel

A

communication occurs by producer speaking and receiver hearing

34
Q

broadcast transmission and directional reception

A

signal travels out in space but localised by listener

35
Q

rapid fading

A

signal rapidly disappears

36
Q

interchangeability

A

speakers can receive and transmit message

37
Q

complete feedback

A

speakers can access their productions

38
Q

discreteness

A

vocabulary is made of discrete units

39
Q

tradition

A

can be both taught and learned

40
Q

duality of patterning

A

meaningless basic units gain meaning when combined into sequences

41
Q

specialisation

A

energy of signal is irrelevant to meaning

42
Q

semanticity

A

signals have meaning: relate to features of the world

43
Q

learnability

A

the speaker of one language can learn another

44
Q

prevarication

A

language provides the ability to lie and deceive

45
Q

arbitrariness

A

neutral symbols that don’t resemble what they stand for

46
Q

displacement

A

the system can refer to things remote in time and space

47
Q

reflectiveness

A

we can communicate about the communication system itself

48
Q

openness/creativity/productivity

A

the ability to invent new messages

49
Q

What is animal communication dependent on?

A

context and/or stimulus

vocalisations occupe under very specific conditions

50
Q

What species communicate?

A

bees

birds

dolphins

whales

non - human primates

51
Q

how many distinct vocal sounds can vervet monkeys produce?

A

36

generally determined by circumstances

52
Q

Birds language

A

alarm cry when they see a predator

questions to if this is displacement or continued fear

53
Q

How do bees produce language?

A

In the form of various dances

54
Q

What is the action of a round dance?

A

turning in circles

55
Q

What is the message of a round dance?

A

nectar is close to the hive

56
Q

What is the action of a waggle dance?

A

tail wiggles side to side

57
Q

What is the message of a waggle dance?

A

nectar is far from the hive

58
Q

Is language species specific?

A

no animal appears to include all the design features of human language in its own form of language

59
Q

how many words could Alex (African grey parrot) produce?

A

80

60
Q

how could chimps be taught to produce language?

A

sign language

button pressing

token manipulation

PSY331 Psychology of Language (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions