Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Minor Surgery 1 > Week Five - Questions > Flashcards

Week Five - Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the onset/peak effect, duration, and maximum doses of cocaine and tetracaine?

A

Cocaine

  • Onset/peak effect: 3-5 minutes
  • Duration: up to 120 minutes
  • Max dose: 200 mg (5 cc)

Tetracaine

  • Onset/peak effect: 3-8 minutes
  • Duration: 30-60 minutes
  • Max dose: 200 mg (2 cc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what instances do topical anesthetics most likely carry the risk of systemic absorption?

A
  • When applied to denuded skin

- When applied to infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the present-day medical uses of cocaine?

A
  • Primarily used in nasal surgery

- To treat resistant cases of epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are two present-day medical uses of tetracaine drops?

A
  • For glaucoma testing

- For removal of corneal foreign bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the OTC uses for lidocaine gel/ointment?

A
  • Sunburns

- Insect stings or bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How deep can EMLA penetrate?

A
  • 5 mm deep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How quickly does EMLA work?

A
  • Takes up to a full hour to produce a good effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the common uses of EMLA?

A
  • Relieve pain of venipuncture/injections (esp chronic)
  • Superficial minor surgery
  • Pretreatment for infiltration anesthesia
  • Skin graft harvesting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can EMLA be safely used on mucus membranes?

A
  • Yes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the precautions for using EMLA?

A
  • Do not apply near the eyes, to broken or inflamed skin, or on open wounds
  • Do not apply to 200 cm2 or more of skin because it can cause systemic effects in susceptible individuals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When applying EMLA (as well as TAC, LAT, and TLE) what precautions does the “applier” need to observe?

A
  • Appliers need to wear gloves to prevent absorption into their fingertips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you know when EMLA has produced an anesthetic effect?

A
  • When a zone of blanching is observed around the wound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

*What are the potential complications when using EMLA?

A

*- May need supplemental infiltration anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

**What are “two” types of vapocoolants?

A
  • Ethyl chloride

- Ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the medical uses of the “two” vapcoolants?

A

Ethyl chloride
- Renders the skin numb in preparation for cutting or injection

Ice
- Allows needle insertion or quick incision with minimal to no pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the respiratory symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A
  • Wheezing
  • Coughing
  • Dyspnea
  • Sensation of chest constriction
17
Q

What are some of the cardiac symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
  • Syncope
  • Cardiac arrest
18
Q

What are some of the GI symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramping
19
Q

What are the cutaneous symptoms that may occur in anaphylaxis?

A
  • Urticaria (hives, wheals)
  • Pruritus
  • Warmth and redness
20
Q

What are the differences between immediate onset and slow onset anaphylaxis?

A

Immediate onset
- Symptoms within minutes of exposure

Slow (delayed) onset
- Symptoms appear over a period ranging from 15 minutes to several hours

21
Q

What are the likely early warning signs of anaphylaxis?

A
  • Sensations of warmth or flushing
  • Itching
  • Lightheadedness
  • Sudden fatigue
  • Sense of “something not being right”
22
Q

What is the protocol for treating early onset anaphylaxis?

A
  • Stop treatment
  • Call 911
  • Administer epinephrine HCl 1:1000, 0.3 - 0.6 cc SubQ or IM
    > Begin with lower dosage and repeat every 15-30 minutes as necessary
    > Lower dose is less likely to cause symptoms of toxicity (hypertension, chest pain, excessive tachycardia, headache)
  • Administer oxygen by mask at 15 L/min
  • Administer Benadryl 50mg IM
  • Monitor for symptoms of epinephrine toxicity

If needed, until paramedics arrive:

  • Maintain open airway
  • Continue oxygen
  • Initiate CPR as needed
  • Repeat epi and benadryl
  • Check vitals
  • If BP dropping, start IV line

If cardiac arrest
- Give epinephrine 1:10,000 10cc IV, followed by 50mg benadryl IV

  • Transport by ambulance to the hospital to be monitored for several hours in the ER and/or admitted and monitored for 24-48 hours
23
Q

What is the protocol for treating late onset anaphylaxis?

A
  • Same protocol as treating early-onset anaphylaxis

- Transport to hospital (either car or ambulance)

24
Q

What are the epinephrine concentrations in Epi Pen and Epi Pen Jr?

A
  • EpiPen administers a single 0.3 mL dose of 1:1000 concentration epinephrine
  • EpiPen Jr administers a single 0.15 mL dose of 1:2000 concentration epinephrine
25
Q

What do treatment guidelines dictate for all patients with either early or late onset anaphylaxis?

A
  • Transport to the hospital (by ambulance if immediate onset) to be monitored for several hours in the ER and/or to be hospitalized and monitored for 24-48 hours
26
Q

Do you turn the knob on the oxygen tank clockwise or counterclockwise to open the flow valve?

A
  • Clockwise
27
Q

What oxygen flow rate is generally considered to be safe for use in COPD patients?

A
  • 2 L/min (28%)
28
Q

What are the risks of higher oxygen flow rates for COPD patients?

A
  • For COPD patients, higher than 2 L/min on a long-term basis can lead to a depression of ventilatory drive –> hypercapnea
29
Q

What are three problems that may occur with administration of greater than 60% concentration of oxygen for greater than 24 hours?

A
  • Oxygen toxicity
    > Symptoms include substernal pain, occasional cough, burning pain on inspiration, and dyspnea
  • Retrolental fibroplasia (retinal damage) in premature infants (can cause variable degrees of irreversible blindness)
  • Depression of ventilatory drive
30
Q

What are the “three” functions of a horizontal mattress suture?

A
  • “Retention” or “stay” stitch when closing a wound under tension
  • Helps approximate and evert wound edges (often better than a vertical mattress), which then allows for easy closure with a simple interrupted or running stitch
  • Helps provide hemostasis in a bleeding wound
31
Q

What are the risks of a horizontal mattress suture?

A
  • If it is pulled too tightly, tissue hypoxia and poor healing may result
32
Q

When should you remove a horizontal mattress suture?

A

Variable removal timing

  • At the time of surgery when suturing with other stitches is complete
  • A few days later when the wound has begun to heal
  • Left in place as a “stay” stitch for a few days to weeks

Minor Surgery 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions