week 9b Flashcards
What class do lobe-finned fishes belong to?
Class Sarcopterygii
Lobe-finned fishes have many bones and muscles in their fins.
What is Tiktaalik rosae commonly referred to as?
The Fishapod
Tiktaalik rosae exhibits features of both fish and early tetrapods.
What adaptations did early tetrapods have for life on land?
- Strong vertebral column
- Hip and shoulder bones braced against backbone
- Sturdy lobe-finned fishes became animals with four limbs
- Nostrils and lungs to augment gills
- Modified sensory systems
Which class includes frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians?
Class Amphibia
Amphibians are characterized by their dual life stages: aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults.
What are the three orders of living amphibians?
- Anura — frogs and toads
- Urodela — salamanders and newts
- Gymnophiona — caecilians
True or False: Amphibians can reproduce in water.
True
Amphibians typically have external fertilization and require water for their larvae.
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a critical innovation that allowed tetrapods to reproduce away from water.
Amniotic egg
What type of eggs do birds have?
Hard and calcareous
This type of egg allows for protection and gas exchange.
What are the key innovations of amniotes?
- Desiccation-resistant skin
- Thoracic breathing
- Water-conserving kidneys
- Internal fertilization
Which group of animals are considered part of the reptilian lineage?
Birds
Birds share a common ancestor with reptiles.
What are the main characteristics of mammals?
- Milk-producing
- Hair
- Specialized teeth
- Enlarged skulls
- Single lower jaw bone
- Three inner ear bones
- External cartilaginous ears
What subclass do monotremes belong to?
Subclass Prototheria
Monotremes include species like the platypus and echidna.
What is a defining feature of marsupials?
Very undeveloped young finish development in marsupium
Marsupials give birth to relatively underdeveloped offspring.
What are the four clades of eutherians?
- Afrotheria
- Xenartha
- Euarchontoglires
- Laurasiatheria
Fill in the blank: Continental drift allowed for animal movement between _______.
once-separated continents
What type of heart do amphibians have?
3-chambered heart
This heart structure is efficient for their lifestyle, allowing for some separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
What process do amphibians undergo during their life cycle?
Metamorphosis
This transformation includes changes from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults.
