WEEK 9 - Protozoans: Coccidia, Plasmodium and Blood and Tissue Flagellates Flashcards
It is from an Italian term mal’aria
Malaria
Classical malarial attack or paroxysm (in order)
- Shaking chills (COLD STAGE)
- Fever (≥40°C) (HOT STAGE OR FLUSH PHASE)
- Generalized diaphoresis (SWEATING STAGE)
Paroxysyms occurs over _________ hours and initiated by synchronous to the rupture of ___________ with the release of ________________
6-10 hours
RBCs
Merozoites
Each year its clinical cases amounts _________________ which considered that has a worldwide prevalence
300-500 million
Drug of Choice for malaria (pregnancy)
Quinine
Vertebrate hosts includes _________, ___________, ____________, ___________
Reptiles, Birds, Rodents, and Primates
Drug of choice for severe malaria
Artemisinin and its derivatives artesunate and artemether (parenteral)
In the philippines _________ out of __________ provinces are endemic to malaria
65 out of 78
Incidence accounts for _________ per 1000 (2000)
0.48
Provinces in the Philippines which has high malarial endemicity are:
Palawan, Kalinga Apayao, Ifugao, Agusan del Sur
MDR falciparum malaria cases are prominent in:
Davao del Norte, Compostela Valley, Palawan
____________% of the cases of malaria are caused by P. falciparum and the remaining __________ % is caused by P. vivax
> 70%
<30%
True or False: There is a reported case of P. ovale in the Philippines? If true, where?
True, 1 reported case in Palawan
It is the principal malaria vector, abound in the foothill areas
Anopheles minimus var. Flavirostris
Its transmission is highly observed in coastal areas of Mindanao
Anopheles litoralis
True or False: Anopheles maculates and Anopheles flavirostris has transmission in lower altitudes
False, both have transmission in higher altitudes
It is a malaria vector thar abounds for forest fringes
Anopheles manyans
Give the (2) other types of Malaria
Transfusion Malaria
Congenital Malaria
This type of malaria is an accidental Plasmodium infection caused by the transfusion of whole blood or a blood component from a malaria infected donor to a recipient
Transfusion malaria
Type of malaria which malarial parasites demonstrated in the peripheral smear of the newborn from twenty-four hours to seven days of life
Congenital malaria
What are the two clinical manifestations of malaria?
[+] Recrudescence
[+] Relapse
It is when there is a reactivation of hypnozoite forms of the parasite in the liver
[+] Relapse
It is the renewal of parasitemia and/or clinical features arising from persistent undetectable asexual parasitemia in the absence of an EE cycle
[+] Recrudescence
What are the ways how to diagnose malaria
Thick blood films
Thin blood films
Quantitative buffy coat (QBC)
Malaria RDTs
Serologic Tests
PCR