Week 9 (People on the Move) Flashcards
Migration
Pastoralists, horticulturists and Foragers
* Migrate frequently.
* Expanded strategy (Livelihood)
* Need to roam around.
* Alliance to other groups.
- Arrange marriages
- Access to resources or migration routes.
Modern State
* Environmental, economic, familial, and political factors
* Restriction of movement.
Migration II
Migration
* Movement of person or people from one place to another.
* Impacts one’s identity, economic and social status, health, education etc.
Anthropologist look at migration through
* Economic systems.
* Reproductive systems
- Sexuality
* Social order.
* Expressive culture etc.
Migration III
Methods in studying migration.
* Multi-sited fieldwork.
* Combination of macro-micro perspectives.
* Applied anthropology.
Categories of Migration
Spatial boundaries
* Internal migration
* International migration
* Transnational migration
Internal migration
Push-pull theory
* City vs. rural areas.
* Agency or structural reasons.
Categories of Migration II
International Migration
* Increased since 1945
* Over 100 million live outside their country of birth.
* Work related
* Political and political changes.
* “White immigration” – Changed since the 1970s
Categories of Migration III
Migration through multiple borders
* Economic factors
* “astronauts”
Impact on citizenship
* Limited sense of belonging.
* New cultural reality.
* Diaspora population.
* Remittances.
Reasons For Moving
Labor migrants.
* No intention to become permanent.
* Structural exclusion.
* Domestic service jobs.
* No legal protection.
Circular migration.
* Pattern of movement between two or more places.
* Internal migration (From rural area to the city).
Reasons For Moving II
Displaced persons
* Forced to move elsewhere
* Colonialism, slavery, war, persecution, natural disasters, “development”
projects.
* 44 million.
Refugees
* Internationally displaced.
* Victims of persecution
Reasons for Moving III
Internally displaced persons (IDPs)
* Forced out of their homes.
* Stay within their country.
* Syria (Conflict).
* Haiti (Natural disasters)
Development induced displacement.
* People displaced by “development projects”
* Mines, dams etc.
* Narmada River Valley
* Uncalculated cost of “development”
* Not much of a choice.
Stress of Relocation
The difference between new and the old place
* Food
* Climate
* Language
Getting a job
The reception people receive in the new place.
* Welcoming vs. hostility.
Resilience.
* Ability to bounce back.
Institutional Migrants
Move between social institutions
* Voluntarily or involuntarily
Military relocation
* Restrepo (2010)
* The difficulty of coming home.
* Circular migration.
USA & Canada in Context
New immigrant
* People moved internationally since 1960s
* Seeking improved economic opportunities.
Factors that shape “new immigrant”
* Globalization
* Acceleration
* Feminization
Latin America and the Caribbean migration
Chair Migration
* The first wave of immigrants attracts relatives to follow the same path.
* Unification program in the US (Extended family or ritual kin excluded).
* Business marriage
* Women employed in the US.
* Challenge the patriarchy.
USA & Canada in Context II
Migration of Salvadorans
* Escaping war
* Mojado – wetback
* Work in informal sector
Migration from Asia
* Consumption pattern
* Own shopping centers, newspapers and country clubs.
* Providing hong Kong style restaurants
* Secured economically and high level of education
* “Kan Lan Tai”
Migration Policies in a Globalized World
Protecting Migrant’s health
* People of relies on frequent migration.
* Frequency of drought and food shortages.
* Sahel Region.
Inclusion and Exclusion
* Lifeboat mentality
* Conflict over resources.
Migration and Human rights
* Right of return.
* Racial lines (Differential resettlement).
