week 9 notes - The Harappan Civilization

Question 1

Origin of States Societies

Answer 1

• Primary States
• Arid / Semi Arid: Nile; Tigris / Euphrates; Indus / Ganges; Yangtze River / Huang Ho (Yellow River) and also in Mesoamerica and Peru.

Question 3

The Indus Valley

Answer 3

Pakistan and NW India, Himalayas

Question 4

Ancient Dentistry

Answer 4

• Valley Civilization in Pakistan reveals dentistry being practiced as early as 7,000 BC, with practitioners using bow drills to cure tooth ailments.
• A Sumerian text from ca. 3000 BC cities teeth worms as the source of dental decay.
• Similar beliefs were detected in ancient China, India, Japan, Egypt, in the writings of Homer (ca. 850 BC), and as late as 1300 AD in the writings of surgeon Guy de Chauliac.

Question 5

Hesira, Chief of Dentists and Physicians (Egypt)

Answer 5

first known dentist (ca. 2600 BC)

Question 6

The Code of Hammurabi (18th century BC)

Answer 6

refers twice to dental extraction (as punishment).

Question 7

Early Harappan Sites

Answer 7

first site date to 3000 - 2400 BC, fortified towns, independent towns predating state-level society.

Question 8

Sir Mortimer Wheeler

Answer 8

British archaeologist, proposed southwest Asia (Mesopotamia) influences, but excavations at Mehrgarh in the 1970s disproved his theory.

Question 9

Khyber Pass

Answer 9

Integral part of the ancient Silk Road and one of the oldest known passes in history.