Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT705: Biomechanics Kinesiology of the Spine > Week 9 - Lumbopelvic Sacrum Part 1 > Flashcards

Week 9 - Lumbopelvic Sacrum Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 primary functions of the pelvis?

A
  1. Bear Weight
  2. Transfer loads from axial skeleton to appendicular (peripheral) skeleton
  3. Provide a stable base with limited mobility which leads to more efficient transfer of loads
  4. Serve as strong attachment point for muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Prominent Bony Features

a) Male
b) Female

A

a) Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Narrow, heart shaped pelvic inlet

a) Male
b) Female

A

a) Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Less prominent or more rounded bony features

a) Male
b) Female

A

b) Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Laterally Facing Acetabulum

a) Male
b) Female

A

a) Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Wide, oval pelvic inlet

a) Male
b) Female

A

b) Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Wide distance between ASIS and ischial tuberosities

a) Male
b) Female

A

b) Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Narrow pubic arch (70 deg)

a) Male
b) Female

A

a) Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Anteriorly facing acetabulum

a) Male
b) Female

A

b) Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Match the gender difference pelvic structure with the correct gender:

Wide pubic arch (90-100 degrees)

a) Male
b) Female

A

b) Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What implication does the acetabulum orientation have between genders?

A

Different mechanics in gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the implication of ichial tuberosity on males?

A

closer together - smaller base of support for males in sitting

(might be why males are sitting back on sacrum vs. females who perch up on ischial tuberositys when sitting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What implication does muscle insertion have between genders?

A

Different moment arms, length-tension relationship for musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does the pelvis have the primary role of force transmission from the axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton?

A

part of this is because of the muscular attachment that is has (i.e. pelvis to femur muscles, lumbar spine to pelvis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Because of all its muscle attachments, what does the pelvis have in terms of influence on?

A

pelvis has large influence on trunk, hip, and knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Because of its muscle attachments to the trunk, hip and knee, what is the pelvis aide in?

A

transmission of loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the position of the pelvis influence in terms of muscles?

A

position influences length/tension relationships of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the primary muscles for maintaining frontal plane stability during unilateral stance?

A

Right Hip Abductors (primarily gluteus medius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does gluteus medius act on the hip?

A

right hip abductors act on the pelvis to pull it into right lateral tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What contralteral muscles also act on the pelvis to pull into right lateral tilt?

A

Left Lumbar Erector Spinae (essentially force couple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Lumbopelvic Rhythm?

A

Couples motion between pelvis and lumbar spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What effect does Lumbopelvic Rhythm have and when can it be observed?

A

Can increase overall trunk motion for function, observed in standing flexion and extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When a person is returning to stand from a flexed position, the first 25% is dominated by

A

pelvis and hip motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When a person is returning to stand from a flexed position, the final 25% is dominated by

A

lumbar motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

At the early stages of extension from flexion, motion is dominated by the ____.

A

pelvis and hip

L/Hip Ratio 0.26, 0.61, 0.81

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At the end of extension from flexion, motion is dominated by the ___.

A

lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

___ dominates during early phase

A

hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

___ increase during middle phase

A

Lumbar Spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

___ is primary during final phase

A

Lumbar Spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

LBP patients moved (earlier/later) to the lumbar spine early on (1st 25% of movment)

A

earlier

Had decrease contribution of the pelvis and hip and more contribution from the lumbar spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

LBP patients had (looser/tighter) hamstrings (no correlation with LP Rhythm)

A

tighter

less mechanical constraint and more motor control issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do the contributions of extension from flexion compare to forward flexion?

A

Very similar only reversed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

___ dominates early flexion

A

lumbar spine

34
Q

___ dominates late flexion

A

hip

35
Q

Typical extensor recruitment strategy is (caudal to cephalic / cephalic to caudal) in healthy people

A

caudal to cephalic

36
Q

People who develop low back pain during standing had a ___ muscle recruitment strategy

A

reversed (cephalic to caudal)

37
Q

NPD/PD demonstrated ___ recruitment strategies.

A

opposite (bottom-up vs. top-down)

38
Q

T/F: A patient may experience altered movement PRIOR to pain development

A

True

39
Q

There is potential for altered loading at the vertebral joint level with early activation of ___

A

errector spinae

40
Q

What do we look for in terms of dynamic postures and movement (3)

A
  1. Quantity - Range of motion in all planes
  2. Quality
  3. Willingness to Move
41
Q

What do we look at when checking for Aberrant Movement Patters in the Sagittal Plane? (3)

A
  1. Lumbopelvic Rhythm
  2. Gower’s Sign
  3. Instability Catch
42
Q

During reversal of lumbopelvic rhythm what does the patient do, what does the therapist observe, and what is typical?

A

Patient asked to bend forward as far as they can (standing flexion) and return to upright posture.

Therapist observes relative timing and sequence of trunk/pelvis motion.

Typical: Trunk moves first in flexion, last in extension. Pelvis moves last in flexion, first in Extension.

43
Q

What is Gower’s Sign also known as?

A

‘Thigh Climbing’

44
Q

During Gower’s Sign what does the patient do, and what is a positive sign?

A

Patient asked to bend forward as far as they can (standing flexion) and then return to upright.

Sign is positive if they must use their hands on their thighs to assist with return to standing position. (generally not due to weakness but pain)

45
Q

During Instability Catch Sign, what does the patient do, and what is a positive sign?

A

Patient asked to bend forward as far as they can (standing flexion) and return to upright posture (same as reverse lumbopelvic rhythm).

Sign is positive if they cannot return to erect posture due to sudden painful ‘catch’ in their low back. (again pain, thought to indicate ‘spinal instability’)

46
Q

How is interrater reliability for Reversal of Lumbopelvic Rhythm, Gowers Sign, and Instability Catch.

A

Reversal of Lumbopelvic Rhythm: Poor (k = .16)

Gower Sign: 98% agreement between clinicians

Instability Catch: Poor (k=.25)

47
Q

If you combines all tests, how is interrater reliability for Aberrant Movement Patterns in General?

A

A little bit better at K= .6

48
Q

The top of the sacrum is called the ___

A

base (or promontory)

49
Q

The bottom of the sacrum is called the ___

A

apex

50
Q

What is the base (sacral promontory formed by?

A

1st Sacral Vertebra

51
Q

How many facets does the Sacral base have, what direction do they face, and what do they articulate with?

A

2 facets that face posteriorly and articulate with the inferior facets of the 5th lumbar vertebrae

52
Q

What is the L5-S1 joint also called?

A

lumbosacral joint

53
Q

What is the apex formed by?

A

5th Sacral vertebrae

54
Q

What does the sacral apex articulate with?

A

coccyx

55
Q

What are the lateral regions of the sacrum also referred to as?

A

Ala

56
Q

Describe the lateral region of the sacrum and what it articulates with?

A

Ear shaped articular surface that articulates with the ilium

57
Q

What joint does the sacrum form with the ilium?

A

sacroiliac joint

58
Q

Is the sacroiliac joint a soft or rigid articulation?

A

rigid

59
Q

What are the two surfaces that articulate in the sacroiliac joint known as?

A

Auricular Surface of Sacrum and Auricular Surface of ilium

60
Q

Where does controversy lie with the sacroiliac joint?

A

in the amount of motion that occurs at this joint

61
Q

Is making a diagnosis of sacroiliac joint disorder easy or difficult?

A

Difficult because don’t know amount of motion

62
Q

What is the function of the sacroiliac joint? (4)

A
  1. Weight bearing joint
  2. Relieve stress (in pelvis region)
  3. Load Transfer from spine to pelvis
  4. Stability around lumbosacral region and pelvis and hips
63
Q

Where does majority of extensibility in the SI joint primarily come from?

A

Extensive network of ligaments

64
Q

What are the Primary Ligaments that stabilize the SI joint and where can they be viewed? (4)

A
  1. Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament (anterior)
  2. Iliolumbar Ligament (posterior)
  3. Interosseous Ligament (anterior)
  4. Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament (posterior)
65
Q

What are the two Secondary Ligaments of the SI? (2)

A
  1. Sacrotuberous Ligament

2. Sacrospinous Ligament

66
Q

What is thought the be the range of motion at the SI joint?

A

~1-4 degrees of rotation (SMALL)
~1-3 mm of translation

(more like arthrokinematic ROM than osteokinematic)

67
Q

What are the two terms used to describe rotational and translational movements at the SI Joint?

A
  1. Nutation

2. Counternutation

68
Q

What can nutation be thought of as?

A

‘Forward Nod’ of Sacrum or Anterior Sacral Tilt

69
Q

What are the motions of the sacrum (both base and apex) during Nutation? How does the innominate move?

A
  • Sacrum moves relative to innominate or pelvis bones.
  • Base moves anteriorly/inferiorly
  • Apex moves posteriorly/superiorly

Innominate moves in opposite motion: relative posterior pelvic tilt

70
Q

What can counternutation be thought of as?

A

‘Backward Nod’ of Sacrum or Posterior Sacral Tilt

71
Q

What are the motions of the sacrum (both base and apex) during Counternutation? How does the innominate move?

A
  • Movement of the sacrum relative to the innominate
  • Base moves posteriorly/superiorly
  • Apex moves anteriorly

Innominate moves in opposite motion: relative anterior pelvic tilt

72
Q

During bilateral hip extension in prone, you are describing the direction of the sacrum relative to

A

the innominate bones.

73
Q

During bilateral hip extension while in the prone position,the sacrum moves in a ____ position relative to the innominate bones. The innominates bones move in a ___ relative to the sacrum.

A

counternutated (backward nodding)

anterior pelvic tilt

(increasing lordosis)

74
Q

What is the importance of nutation and counter nutation illustrating small movements that occur at the SI joint?

A

Movments provide “stress relief” within the pelvis, important for functional activities including walking, running, and childbirth.

75
Q

Nutation at the SI joints increases ____

A

congruence between the joint surfaces of the sacrum and innominant bones

76
Q

What effect does nutation increasing joint congruance have? (3)

A
  1. Increase Articular Stability (joint surfaces)
  2. Optimizes transference of load
  3. Ligaments (sacrotuberous and interosseous) get support from the muscles
77
Q

Which position is the most stable for the SI joint?

A

The nutation position, full nutation is considered to be closed pack position for this joint.

78
Q

What contributes to nutation torque?

A

body weight vector and hip joint compression vector

79
Q

What contribution do the body weight vector and hip joint compression vector have in nutation?

A

Body Weight Vector: pulls the sacrum into an anterior rotated or nutation position

Hip Joint Compression Vector: acts to pull the pelvis into a posterior tilt

80
Q

Which stretched ligaments play a stabilizing role in nutation?

A

Interosseous ligament and Sacrotuberous ligament become taught?

81
Q

What muscles contribute to nutation torque?

A

Errector Spinae: Act directly on sacrum to pull it further into anterior tilt or nutated position

Rectus Abdominus and Biceps Femoris: Act on pelvis to pull it into a relative posterior pelvic tilt relative to the sacrum

DPT705: Biomechanics Kinesiology of the Spine (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions