Week 9 - Leadership In Sport Flashcards
Definition of Leadership
‘The process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal’ (Northhouse,2001, p.3)
What are the two types of leader? (Carron)
Prescribed leaders - appointed by an outside organizing body (e.g Emma Hayes - Chelsea manager)
Emergent leaders - come from the group itself (emerge and take charge) either because of skill/ability or if they are nominated by the group. (E.g Katie McCabe - Ireland Captain)
What is an Autocratic/ Task Oriented Leader?
Dictates
Inflexible approach to group
Task needs to be completed - as quickly and effectively as possible
Advice, ideas or comments not welcome
Cool and impersonal
Group members tends to slow/slow down if leader is absent
Aggressive towards each other when things go wrong
Effective when quick decisions need to be made.
What is a democratic/ social or person oriented Leader?
Makes decisions after consultation process w group
Actively encourage involvement of group
Adopt more informal relaxed approach to leadership
Leader makes final decision - based on information collected from group members and own thoughts/ideas
Group members continue to work on tasks when leader is absent
Effective in co-active sports
What is Laissez-faire?
‘No leadership’ - the leaders stand aside and allow group to make its own independent decisions
Group members get on with things their own way
Leaders may help members get out of difficulties but offer no direction/involvement and group goals less likely to be achieved.
Group members tens to be aggressive towards each other when things went wrong and give up easily
What are some approaches to studying leadership?
Trait approaches - The great man theory
Leaders born not made
Successful leaders have certain characteristics that make it likely they will be leaders no matter what situation they are in
However no definitive set of traits characterise a good leader
Behavioral Approach - good leaders are made not born
Anyone can be taught to be a good leader
Links w SLT - Suggests people learn to be good leaders by observing behaviors of other good leaders in a variety of situations, reproducing those behaviors in similar situations and then continuing them should they be reinforced
What is a relationship centred/person oriented leader?
Focus on developing relationships with the people in the group.
Work hard to maintain communication with members
Help maintain levels of so-vial interaction between members and themselves
Develop respect and trust with others
Generally more effective with experienced, highly skilled athletes. - highly skilled athletes already highly task oriented.
What is a task centered/ task orientated leader?
More concerned w meeting goals and objectives
Tend to create plans
Decide on priorities
Assign members to task
Ensure members stay o’n task - w overall focus on inc overall group activity
Tend to be more effective w less experiences, less skilled performers who need constant instruction and feedback
What is the Multidimensional Model of leadership? (Chelladurai, 1978, 1990, 1993)
Conceptual framework allowing leadership effectiveness to be studied in sports domain.
Effective, leadership is dynamic and based on complex series of interactions between leader, group members and situation.
Behaviour does not occur in a vacuum. - antecedent factors such as leader and member characteristics will influence both the actual behavior of the leader and group preferences for leadership behaviour
What are types of Leader behaviour?
Actual - what leader actually does in a situation, determined by coaches experience
Preferred - behavior that followers would like to see in the leader (determinantes by the group)
Required (behavior required by situation or task)
What are antecedents?
Situational Characteristics:
- environmental conditions
- number involved in team/squad
Time constraints
-strength of the oppositions
Social-cultural characteristics
Leader characteristics:
-skill
-qualifications
-personality
-experience
Member characteristics:
Age
Gender
Personality
Motivation
Competence
Experience
What is transformational leadership? (Beauchamp, 2014)
‘Transformational leadership takes place when leaders go beyond their own self interests and inspire, encourage and stimulate others to exceed minimally expected standards’
What is transactional leadership?
Involves a series of exchanges(or transactions) between leader and follower)
Whereby leaders make use of rewards and reinforcement to foster compliance and encourage followers to meet previously agreed upon rewards.
