Week 9 Genomic Technologies Flashcards
What is genomics?
The study of an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes and their functions.
What was the first genome sequenced using Sanger sequencing?
Bacteriophage phi-X174 in 1977.
Who developed chain termination sequencing?
Frederick Sanger.
What are ddNTPs and how are they used in Sanger sequencing?
Dideoxynucleotides that terminate DNA synthesis to generate DNA fragments of various lengths.
What is Illumina sequencing?
A next-gen sequencing method using reversible termination to read short DNA fragments in parallel.
Why are clusters created in Illumina sequencing?
To generate a strong fluorescent signal for accurate base calling.
Name three Illumina platforms.
MiSeq, HiSeq4000, NovaSeq (and NovaSeq X).
What are the advantages of Illumina sequencing?
High accuracy, large data volume, fast run time, good software support.
What are the disadvantages of Illumina sequencing?
Short reads, poor performance with repetitive regions, high setup cost.
What is PacBio SMRT sequencing?
Single Molecule Real Time sequencing using zero mode waveguides to observe individual DNA polymerases.
What are advantages of PacBio sequencing?
Long reads, short run time, methylation detection, repeat sequencing of same molecule.
What are disadvantages of PacBio sequencing?
Lower throughput, expensive, complex prep, less bioinformatics support.
What is Oxford Nanopore sequencing?
Uses tiny protein pores to sequence DNA by detecting electrical current disruptions.
Name a handheld nanopore sequencer.
MinION.
What are benefits of Nanopore sequencing?
Portable, long reads, fast real-time results, epigenetic detection.
What are drawbacks of Nanopore sequencing?
Higher error rates, library prep needed, high cost per base.
What is Hi-C sequencing used for?
To reveal 3D structure of DNA and long-range chromatin interactions.
What is 10X Genomics known for?
Spatial and single-cell sequencing technologies.
