week 9 Flashcards
Chinas road to modern scientific agriculture 1949-2021
china is the worlds largest producer and consumer of agricultural products, known as a natural resources deficient country, currently feeding nearly 20% of the worlds population
how has china managed its nation for many centuries
development and improvement of various methods that enables greater farming production and efficiency
chinas land and water
quantitatively speaking water resource per capita is 2200 m3 only 30% of the world average
arable land (9% of the worlds) per capita is 0.1 ha only 40% of the worlds average
why can’t we develop chinas land and water resources?
hard to develop chinas water and land resources because of the slope land, soil layers, erosion and the problems
geographical challenge to water and land in china
south china has abundant water but deficient in land while north china has land but is deficient in water. The combination of a large population and insufficient natural resources severely impedes the sustainability of china’s agriculture and social economic development
The commune era 1958-1980
1955 high tide movement peak of collectivization
1958-1962 the Great Leap Forward campaign (20 million died)
1966-1976 cultural revolution economic and intellectual stagnation mostly gone by 1980`
December 1978- deng Xiaoping initiates chinas economic reforms that return land use decisions to farm households
Agriculture in historical context
the responsibility system/market reform period 1980-2006
the socialist new countryside 2006- present
The mão Zedong years 1949-1976
remember Yikou Liangshou (one mouth but 2 hands)
threshing and winnowing done by hand in 1975
“under mão we were all equal, equally poor”
still planting rice by hand in suzhou in 1987
still winnowing grain by hand im Jangling in 1987
1990 agriculture
grain was spread to dry before storage since there were Eno grain dryers for much of Heilongjiang, losses were estimated to be 10-15% in 1990
1990 agriculture what crop was important?
crop straw form spring wheat is essential for winter fuel for cooking and heating, export started in late 1980s but skyrocket after WTO membership
what was the first frozen vegetable exported?
in 1987 sweettater fries were cut by hand and exported to Japan raising capital for more factories in Jiangsu
1980S Infrastructure problem
infrastructure was unattended, crop failures due to drought and flooding were increasing the need for a total reorganization of the farm sector
Solution to infrastructure problem 1988
CAD - comprehensive agricultural development program , made to modernize every aspect of agriculture production including modern irrigation systems, improved drainage, rural road production, improved grain storage oct.
More agricultural policies
National Plan for Expansion of Grain Production (2009) Production and Input Subsidies (on-going,r amped up 2000)
Agricultural Tax Relief (January 2006)
The New Socialist Countryside Program (2006)
The Creation of the Agricultural Policy Analysis Lab (2003)
Democratic Farmer’s Associations (ongoing but 2007)
The Conservation Tillage Construction Plan (2009)
National Program for Balanced Fertilization
“Best Practice” Agricultural Mechanization (2004)
Integrated Pest Management (on-going but 2005)
Revision of the PRC Water Law (2002)
Greater Inspection and Control of Pollution-free and Organic produce (2009)
revolution in farming technology
farmers must now study the market and produce appropriate products
Certainly more farm chemicals and inorganic fertilizers, but also new irrigation systems, new crops, new greenhouses and lots of other stuff
New products,new technologies and new markets lead to higher incomes and tax revenues- radically altering housing, schools and infrastructure
