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BCH 369 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic for the citric acid cycle?

A

Can I keep selling seashells for money officer

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2
Q

What is step 1 of the CAC?

A

Acetyl CoA joins oxaloacetate to form citrate

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3
Q

What is step 2 of the CAC?

A

Citrate is converted to isocitrate

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4
Q

What is step 3 of the CAC?

A

Isocitrate is oxidized to alpha-ketoglutarate, CO2 leaves, 1 NADH is formed

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5
Q

What is step 4 of the CAC?

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized to succinyl CoA, CO2 leaves, 1 NADH is formed

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6
Q

What is step 5 of the CAC?

A

Succinyl CoA turns into succinate, thioester bond is cleaved, 1 ATP formed

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7
Q

What is step 6 of the CAC?

A

Succinate is oxidized to fumarate, 1 FADH2 is formed

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8
Q

What is step 7 of the CAC?

A

Water is added to fumarate, converting it to malate

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9
Q

What is step 8 of the CAC?

A

Malate is oxidized to regenerate oxaloacetate, 1 NADH is formed

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10
Q

What are the products of one turn of the CAC?

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 2 CO2

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11
Q

What are the two regulatory enzymes of the CAC?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

What are the positive effectors of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP, NAD+

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13
Q

What are the negative effectors of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

NADH, ATP

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14
Q

What are the positive effectors of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP, Ca2+

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15
Q

What are the negative effectors of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

A

NADH, ATP, Succinyl CoA

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16
Q

What are the enzymes involved in CAC, starting from step 1?

A

Citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaze complex, succinyl CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase

17
Q

Where does CO2 leave in CAC?

18
Q

Where is NADH formed?

A

Step 3, 4, 8

19
Q

Where is ATP formed?

20
Q

Where is FADH2 formed?

21
Q

Where does the CAC occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

22
Q

Describe what citrate synthase does

A

Couples acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate and then hydrolyzes the resulting product, forming citrate and CoA-SH

23
Q

How is citrate synthase regulated?

A

Negative feedback from ATP, NADH, Succinyl-CoA, and Citrate

24
Q

Describe what aconitase does

A

Isomerizes citrate to isocitrate

25
Q

Describe what isocitrate dehydrogenase does

A

Oxidizes and decarboxylates isocitrate to form alpha-ketoglutaragte

26
Q

Describe what alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex does

A

Metabolizes alpha-ketoglutarate to form succinyl-CoA

27
Q

Describe what succinyl-CoA synthesis does

A

Hydrolyzes the thioester bond in succinyl-CoA to form succinate and CoA-SH

28
Q

Describe what succinate dehydrogenase does

A

Oxidizes succinate to form fumarate

29
Q

Describe what fumarase does

A

Hydrolyzes the alkene bond of fumarate, forming malate

30
Q

Describe what malate dehydrogenase does

A

Oxidizes malate to oxaloacetate

BCH 369 (4 decks)

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