Week 8 - Sepsis

Question 1

What is the equation for cardiac output ?

Answer 1

Stroke volume X HR

Question 2

What is the equation for blood pressure (involving cardiac output) ?

Answer 2

Cardiac output X systemic vascular resistance

Question 3

Is adrenaline a ….
A) vasoconstrictor?
B) vasodilator ?

Answer 3

Vasoconstrictor

Question 4

Is angiotensin II a ….
A) vasoconstrictor?
B) vasodilator ?

Answer 4

Vasoconstrictor

Question 5

Is adenosine a ….
A) vasoconstrictor?
B) vasodilator ?

Answer 5

Vasodilator

Question 6

Is ATP a ….
A) vasoconstrictor?
B) vasodilator ?

Answer 6

Vasoconstrictor

Question 7

Simply, describe the RAAS system …

Answer 7

• liver releases angiotensinogen
• renin released from the kidneys converts that into angiotensin II
• ACE from the lungs converts angiotensin I into II
• angiotensin II stimulated aldosterone secretion

Question 8

Where are Alpha 1 receptors located?
What are the effects of their stimulation?

Answer 8

heart, liver and smooth muscle

• Vasoconstriction
• intestinal relaxation
• uterine contraction
• pupillary dilation

Question 9

Where are Alpha 2 receptors located?
What are the effects of their stimulation?

Answer 9

Vascular smooth muscle, neurones, islet cells, on platelets

• vasoconstriction
• noradrenaline release inhibition
• insulin secretion
• platelet aggregation

Question 10

Where are Beta 1 receptors located?
What are the effects of their stimulation?

Answer 10

The heart

• tachycardia

Question 11

Where are Beta 2 receptors located?
What are the effects of their stimulation?

Answer 11

Lungs, GI tract, liver, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle

• bronchodilation
• smooth muscle relaxation
• sphincter constriction

Question 12

Where are Beta 3 receptors located?
What are the effects of their stimulation?

Answer 12

Fat cells

• lipolysis