Week 8: Infant nutrition, colic, Headache in adults Flashcards
What supplement do you take to maximize pregnancy?
Take folic acid 2-3 months before conception
- Also take vitamin B12 and iron (27 mg)
What does nutrition look like for pregnant women?
What food safety should they take?
- minimize weight gain in 1st trimester; eat small amounts of food often
- during 2nd & 3rd trimester, eat 2-3 extra food servings (340-450 extra calories)
Food safety
- caffeine up to 300mg/day
- Avoid large fish due to mercury content
- Avoid unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses, and raw milk as it can cause miscarriages due to listeriosis
What type of nutrition does the mother need during breastfeeding
- Extra 500 calories/day (2500/day)
- min. 8 glasses of water per day; drink a glass each time you breastfeed
- Around 1000 mg/day of calcium
What is the recommendation for breast milk for babies?
- Recommended for the first 6 months (can go up until 2 years)
- should introduce other foods around 6 months
What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the baby and mother?
Baby
- reduced illness for baby (diarrhea, infections asthma)
Mother
- reduced postpartum bleeding
- weight loss
- reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer
- Improved bone health
What is the first milk produced when the baby is born called?
What do they have?
When does it change?
Colostrum
- Thick, yellowish
- rich in proteins and antibodies
- Changes to breastmilk 72 hours after birth
Differentiate between foremilk vs. hindmilk
- Foremilk is released at the beginning of a feeding; watery at first satisfies thirst
- Hindmilk is released as feeding continues; rich, fatty, satisfies hunger, provides calories
When do you breast feed and how to determine if baby is getting enough
- Feed on demand. More frequent= more supply
- Usually every 2-3 hours (8-12 times a day)
Baby getting enough if:
- 6 or more wet diapers/day
- stools are soft, yellow, seedy
- weight gain
Explain Cow milk-based formulas
- Most common type
- Has lactose and vegetable oils and animal fats
- Avoid in CMA, galactosemia and congenital lactase deficiency
Explain Lactose-free cow milk-based formulas
- Lactose is replaced with maltodextrin and sucrose
- Used for congenital lactase deficiency (rare)
- Parents often purchase when they suspect child is gassy/fussy due to lactose intolerance
- May be useful after diarrhea
Explain soy protein isolate-based formulas
- Free of cow milk protein and lactose
- Iron fortified (high in minerals)
- Recommended for galactosemia or congenital lactose deficiency children
- Has potential cross-reactivity to cow milk
Explain amino acid based formulas
- Free amino acid proteins
- used in infants for severe milk protein hypersensitivity (severe CMA)
- can also be used for infants with malabsbsorption disease
Explain hydrolyzed protein based formula:
Partially hydrolyzed
Extensively hydrolyzed casein
Partially hydrolyzed (cow milk protein)
- less expensive more palatable (tasty)
- Marketed to relieve gas, fusiness
- Has lactose
- powdered
Extensively hydrolyzed (casein protein)
- used for infants with low tolerance to cow milk and soy protein
- used if they have malabsorptive disease
- Lactose free
- More expensive less tasty
- ready-to-use
What type of formula is used for treatment of vomiting?
Pre-thickened formulas
What supplementation do babies need while breast feeding?
First 6 months
- breastfeeding (has iron) (if using formula find iron-fortified formula)
- use vitaminD 400 IU/day (no need if using formula)
After 6 months
- introduce iron in food (single-grain iron-fortified infant cereal))
- Introduce new foods 3-5 days at a time
- Do not give sugary drinks or foods or honey
-Do not delay introduction of allergens (ex. peanuts, eggs)
