Week 8 - Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards by Adam Little

Be able to identify/outline bones of the skull:

Draw out/label diagram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the rule of 4’s RE cranial nerve origins?

First 4 = above the pons

Middle 4 = Pons

Last 4 = below pons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What artery supplies the majority of the face?

External carotid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

S: superior thyroid artery
A: ascending pharyngeal artery
L: lingual artery
F: facial artery
O: occipital artery
P: posterior auricular artery
M: maxillary
S: superficial temporal artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the arteries that anastomose at the Kiesselbach plexus to supply the nose?

Anterior ethmoidal
Posterior ehtmoidal
Sphenopalatine
Superior labial
Greater palatine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do the terminal branches of the facial nerve appear in the face?

Parotid gland (anterior border)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the branches of the facial nerve from superior to inferior?

**To Zanzibar by motor car

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscles in the face are NOT supplied by the facial nerve?

Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis

**Muscles of mastication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What bones make up the orbit?

Roof = frontal
Medial = maxilla + ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal
Inferior = zygomatic and zygomatic process of maxilla
Lateral = zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What supplies sensory innervation to the face?

Trigeminal nerve - V1, V2, V3

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular branches

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the venous drainage of the face?

Veins follow the path of arteries, eventually terminating the external jugular vein –> subclavian vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does the optic nerve enter the cranium? What travels with it?

Optic canal, ophthalmic arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structures traverse the superior orbital fissure?

Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
Abducens nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do V2 and V3 of trigeminal nerve traverse?

Think round!

V2 = foramen rotundum
V3 = foramen ovale

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does CN VII exit?

Through internal acoustic meatus in temporal bone and out through stylomastoid foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structures pass via the jugular foramen?

CN IX, X, XI
Jugular vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the hypoglossal nerve leave the skull?

Hypoglossal canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the innervation of the extra ocular muscles of the eye?

Superior oblique = Trochlear nerve
Lateral rectus = Abducens

The rest = oculomotor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the actions of superior rectus?

Elevates eye, intorsion, adduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the actions of inferior rectus?

Depression, extorsion, adduction

What is the action of medial and lateral rectus?

Medial = adduction
Lateral = abduction

What is special about the superior oblique?

It passes through the trochlear on medial aspect of orbital wall before changing direction to insert onto orbit

What are the actions of the superior oblique?

Abduction, depression, intorsion

What are the actions of the inferior oblique muscle?

Abduction, elevation, extorsion

What is the anterior chamber?

Space between cornea and iris

What is the posterior chamber?

Area between iris and lens posteriorly

Where is aqueous humor produced?

Posterior chamber of eye

What are the layers of the eyeball from superficial to deep?

1) Connective tissue layer 2) Fibrous layer - sclera and cornea 3) Vascular layer - choroid, ciliary body and iris 4) Inner layer - retina

What paraympathetically controlled muscles in the eye?

Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

What is the sympathetically controlled muscle of eye?

Dilator pupillae

What is the position of the lens relative to the iris?

Posterior to the iris

What cranial nerve is responsible for movement of the tongue?

Hypoglossal - CNXII

What is the distribution of taste sensation in the tongue?

Anterior 2/3 via V2 chora tympani nerve, posterior 1/3 via glossopharyngeal

What are the cartilages of the larynx?

3 single: - Thyroid - Cricoid - Epiglottis 3 paired: - 2x Arytenoids (pitcher shaped, sitting on top of the cricoid) - 2x corniculates (pointy bits on top of the arytenoids) - 2x cuneiforms ( on top of corniculates, part of quadrangular membrane which attaches the arytenoids to the epiglottis)

What are the 3 layers of the deep fascia of the neck?

1) Investing ('all the way round') 2) Pre-tracheal/buccopharyngeal (anterior aspect) 3) Prevertebral (enclosing vertebrae and surrounding muscles)

What constitutes the retro-pharyngeal space?

Space between pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral fascia. Extending from base of skull to posterior mediastinum

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Common + internal carotid arteries Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve Sympathetic nerve fibres

What are the 9 cartilages which make up the larynx? 3 paired 3 single

Paired: - Arytenoid - Corniculate - Cuneiform Single: - Thyroid - Cricoid - Epiglottic

What is the function of extrinsic laryngeal muscles? What are they?

To move larynx as a whole Infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles

What is the only airway muscles that ABduct the vocal cords?

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

What muscles adduct the vocal cords?

Lateral crico-arytenoids Transverse and oblique arytenoids

What muscle stretches and tenses vocal ligaments?

Cricothyroid muscle

What muscle relaxes the vocal ligaments?

Thyro-arytenoids Vocalis

What is the innervation of the muscles of the airway?

CN X - Vagus All by recurrent laryngeal nerve except for the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

What are the branches of the external carotid artery? SALFOPMS - Some anatomists love freaking out medical students

Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery

What is the course of the right and left phrenic nerves?

Originate C3,4,5 (keep the diaphragm alive!) Forms lateral border of anterior scalene Descends with IJV across anterior scalene LEFT = cross anterior to first part of subclavian RIGHT = lies on anterior scalene and cross second part of subclavian Both sides then run posterior to subclavian vein and enter superior mediastinum RIGHT = passes over brachiocephalic artery, crosses anterior to root of R lung and leaves thorax via caval hiatus LEFT = descends between subclavian and LEFT common carotid, crossing anterior to arch of aorta, ANTERIOR to left vagus nerve, anterior to root of L lung and runs across fibrous pericardium to to diaphragm

Outline course of right and left vagus nerves?

R vagus nerve enters thorax anterior to right subclavian artery, gives of recurrent laryngeal. Continues to run posteroinferiorly through superior mediastinum on right side of trachea, then posteriorly to R brachiocephalic vein, SVC and root of right lung R vagus nerve forms pulmonary plexus and then reforms as single nerve to traverse diaphragm and then for oesophageal plexus L vagus nerve descends to enter mediastinum behind left common carotid and left subclavian artery Posterior to root of L lung, and does the same as the right to pass through diaphragm

What is the lymphatic drainage of the neck?

Superficial cervical LN --> inferior deep cervical LN --> supraclavicular LN --> jugular lymphatic trunk --> thoracic duct on LEFT or junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins on right