week 8

Question 1

differential diagnoses

Answer 1

differentiating between two or more conditions that share similar signs and symptoms

Question 2

What are Popliteal Cysts?

Answer 2

cysts that form in the popliteal fossa behind the knee.

Question 3

When patients have popliteal cysts, they often complain of what?

Answer 3

swelling and pain behind the knee.

Question 4

what are incidental findings?

Answer 4

findings you discover while performing our exams that are not related to the venous systems.

Question 5

what is a baker’s cyst?

Answer 5

collection of synovial fluid that leaks from the knee joint

Question 6

where is a baker’s cyst found?

Answer 6

• found in the gastrocnemius semimembransous bursa behind the knee. - usually found medial to the popliteal vessels. -at the knee level

Question 7

A popliteal baker’s cyst is usually what shape?

Answer 7

crescent shaped

Question 8

list 4 ways you would document a popliteal baker’s cyst

Answer 8

• measure the structure in transverse and long with calipers
• document with color and doppler showing lack of blood flow within the structure.
• attempt to get an image of the pop vessels and the baker’s cyst in the same picture showing the location in reference to the vessels.
• make sure the structure does not connect or join into the vein or artery.

Question 9

what is a muscle tear?

Answer 9

tear in a muscle, usually happens during strenuous (using great exertion) or extreme activity

Question 10

how would you document a muscle tear?

Answer 10

• measure size in transverse and long
• state location : example medical calf, anterior thigh
• document lack of color and doppler flow

Question 11

what is lymphedema?

Answer 11

swelling in arm or leg caused by a lymphatic system obstruction

Question 12

when there is a blockage or obstruction of the lymphatic system, what happens?

Answer 12

there is a build up of lymph fluid, which causes extreme swelling. (congenital lymphedema) (removal of cancerous lymph nodes)

Question 13

lymphedema is commonly misdiagnosed as what?

Answer 13

venous edema

Question 14

How does lymphedema look?

Answer 14

spongy

Question 15

what term can be used to describe lymphedema?

Answer 15

elephantitis, which means thickening and swelling of the skin.

Question 16

how does lymphedema look on a duplex ultrasound image?

Answer 16

• thick subcutaneous tissue - speckled/grainy appearance

Question 17

what is adenopathy?

Answer 17

enlargement of lymph nodes anywhere in the body.

Question 18

adenopathy is also referred to as what?

Answer 18

lymphadenopathy

Question 19

what are symptoms of adenopathy?

Answer 19

-swelling -pain over site of enlarged lymph node - palpable lump or lumps in the groin, neck, or axilla

Question 20

when incidentally finding an enlarged lymph node, what should you document?

Answer 20

-the size - whether there is blood flow within the lymph node

Question 21

what can enlarged lymph nodes cause?

Answer 21

compression of adjacent veins, resulting in a continuous venous flow signal .

Question 22

what is hematoma?

Answer 22

its a collection of coagulated blood within the soft tissue.

Question 23

when does hematoma occur?

Answer 23

it occurs after an injury, accident, cardiac catheterization, surgery.

Question 24

what should you document, when coming across a hematoma on in ultrasound image?

Answer 24

-size - whether is it compressing any surrounding vessels - whether there is or isnt blood flow by color and doppler

Question 25

what is a superficial tissue edema?

Answer 25

superficial subcutaneous fluid

Question 26

how does a superficial tissue edema look on an ultrasound image?

Answer 26

-marbled appearance - often will pit when you press your fingers or the probe down.

Question 27

superficial edema, occurs on patients who usually have what?

Answer 27

congestive heart failure

Question 28

name some causes for edema .

Answer 28

• right sided heart failure - congestive heart failure -renal disease - medication - prolonged sitting/ standing - chemotherapy

Question 29

what is cellulitis?

Answer 29

is a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 30

what is cellulitis characterized by?

Answer 30

-local heart - redness (erythema) - pain & tenderness - swelling -occasionally with fever

Question 31

what is a common differential diagnoses vs a dvt

Answer 31

cellulitis

Question 32

what are treatments for cellulitis ?

Answer 32

• antibiotics - elevation

Question 33

what is a superficial venous phlebitis?

Answer 33

• maybe associated with inflammation over the vein, pain and tenderness, and warmth. -may or may not be associated with concomitant superficial venous thrombosis

Question 34

superficial venous phlebitis maybe felt as what?

Answer 34

palpable cord

Question 35

superficial venous phlebitis is treated with what?

Answer 35

moist heat and aspirin

Question 36

If a thrombosis nears the sapheno-femoral junction, what may be done?

Answer 36

surgical ligation of the gsv.