Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Name FOUR cerebral causes of altered conscious state (ACS).

A
  • head injury
  • infection
  • seizure
  • ischaemic events
  • drugs and poisons
  • space occupying lesion (e.g. blood clot, tumour)
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2
Q

Name TWO non-cerebral causes of ACS.

A
  • respiratory
  • cardiovascular
  • metabolic
  • other
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3
Q

Name ONE respiratory cause of ACS.

A
  • hypoxia
  • hypercapnia
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4
Q

Name ONE cardiovascular cause of ACS.

A
  • hypotension
  • hyperdynamic states
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5
Q

Name THREE metabolic causes of ACS.

A
  • hypoglycaemic
  • hyperglycaemia
  • acidosis
  • kidney disease
  • liver disease
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6
Q

What are the early signs of ACS?

A
  • altered conscious state
  • headache
  • urine output >300mL/hr
  • nausea and vomitting
  • pupil changes
  • seizures
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7
Q

What are the late signs of ACS?

A
  • unresponsive
  • cushing’s reflex
  • chyne-stokes respirations
  • abnormal posturing
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8
Q

What are the aims of mananging ICP?

A
  • prevent secondary injury
  • maintain/optimise cerebral perfusion
  • ICP < 20mmHg
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9
Q

Name all four types of intracranial bleeding.

In your own time discuss these.

A
  • intracerebral haemorrhage
  • epidural haematoma
  • subarachnoid haemorrhage
  • subdural haematoma
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