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dsb week 8-12 > WEEK 8 > Flashcards

WEEK 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurovascular bundles may be

A

superficial - lying in the subcutaneous layer
deep - lying in the muscle layers

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2
Q

Anastomoses may occur between veins in

A

superficial deep and neurovascular bundles

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3
Q

the head has both superficial and deep arterial/venous supply but only a

A

superficial lymphatic drainage system

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4
Q

what are some extracranial vessels?

A

common carotid artery, facial artery, lingual artery, external carotid artery, superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery and its branches

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5
Q

what are some intracranial vessels?

A

internal carotid artery and its branches, and vertebral artery

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6
Q

What is the origin of the external carotid artery

A

terminal branch of the common carotid artery

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7
Q

what is the level of origin of the external carotid artery?

A

the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

what is the termination of the external carotid artery?

A

divides into the superficial temporal and maxillary artery

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9
Q

what is the level of termination of the external carotid artery?

A

neck of the mandible

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10
Q

What makes up the neurovascular bundle of the neck

A

Internal Jugular vein, vagus nerve, and carotid arteries

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11
Q

What are the branches and levels of the external carotid artery?

A

superior thyroid artery below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone
lingual artery at the level of the greater cornu
facial artery just above the greater cornu

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12
Q

What is the origin of the facial artery?

A

Branch of the external carotid artery

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13
Q

what is the level of origin of the facial artery?

A

above greater cornu of hyoid bone

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14
Q

what is the termination of the facial artery?

A

medial angle of the eye - continues as angular artery

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15
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery?

A

inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal

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16
Q

What is the origin of the maxillary artery?

A

Terminal branch of the external carotid artery

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17
Q

what is the level of origin of the maxillary artery?

A

posterior to the neck of the mandible

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18
Q

what is a major anatomical relationship of the maxillary artery?

A

inferior alveolar nerve

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19
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A

inferior alveolar artery
middle meningeal artery
posterior superior alveolar artery
branches that supply muscles of mastication
buccal branch
greater and descending palatine arteries

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20
Q

Which arteries are in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

descending to greater and lesser palatine
posterior alveolar

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21
Q

Which branches of the maxillary artery are in the infratemporal fossa?

A

buccal, middle meningeal, inferior alveolar

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22
Q

what is the origin of the superficial temporal artery?

A

its a terminal branch of the external carotid artery

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23
Q

what is the level of origin of the superficial temporal artery?

A

neck of the mandible

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24
Q

what is the area of supply of the superficial temporal artery?

A

anterior scalp

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25
where does the internal carotid artery pass through
carotid canal
26
where does the internal carotid canal lie in the skull?
petrous part of temporal bone
27
what does the internal carotid canal anastomose with at the base of the brain?
vertebral artery
28
how does the vertebral artery enter the brain?
through the foramen magnum
29
where does the vertebral artery terminate?
at the basilar artery
30
what is the opthalmic artery a branch of?
internal carotid artery
31
how does the opthalmic artery leave the cranial cavity?
via optic canal
32
what does the opthalmic artery provide?
eye, extracranial branches to skin of forehead, scalp, and nasal cavity
33
what are the three types of facial anastomoses
right to left superficial to deep between branches of internal and external carotid arteries
34
what is an example of right to left anastomoses?
terminal branches of facial artery
35
what is an example of superficial to deep anastomoses?
facial branches to maxillary artery
36
what is the functional implications of good blood supply?
bleeds a lot but heals well
37
what makes a location good for feeling arterial pulses?
a thin layer of overlying skin against underlying bone or cartilage
38
where is the common carotid artery palpated?
against thyroid cartilage
39
where is the facial artery palpated?
body of mandible anterior to masseter muscle
40
where is the superficial temporal artery palpated?
felt against the posterior end of the zygomatic arch
41
what are the three layers of meninges?
duramater, arachnoid, pia mater
42
what are the two layers of duramater in the cranial cavity
endosteal and meningeal
43
which layer is highly vascular
pia mater
44
which layer is made of dense irregular connective tissue?
the duramater
45
where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain
46
where can you see the cerebrospinal fluid?
in the subarachnoid space, between arachnoid and pia mater
47
what are the two cranial duramaters?
falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
48
what are the anterior and posterior attachments of the falx cerebri
Anterior = crista galli on ethmoid bone Posterior = superior surface of tentorium
49
what are the anterior/lateral and posterior attachments of the tentorium cerebelli?
Anterior/lateral = petrous part of temporal bone Posterior = transverse sulcus of occipital bone
50
what is the function of meninges?
protects brain from excessive movement in cranial cavity
51
what is the difference between veins and dural venous sinuses?
veins have walls and dural venous sinuses are blood filled spaces between two layers of dura mater.
52
what is the course and termination of the superior sagittal sinus?
runs along the superior border of the falx cerebri and drains into the confluence of sinuses, then into the right transverse sinus
53
what is the course and termination of the inferior sagittal sinus?
runs along the inferior border of the falx cerebri and drains into the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus where it continues into the left transverse sinus
54
what is the course and termination of the transverse sinus?
runs along the transverse sulcus, posterior end is attached to the tentorium cerebelli. Has a right (superior sagittal) and left (straight sinus) which both drain into the sigmoid sinus
55
what is the course and termination of the transverse sinus?
runs along the transverse sulcus, posterior end is attached to the tentorium cerebelli. Has a right (superior sagittal) and left (straight sinus) which both drain into the sigmoid sinus
56
what is the course and termination of the sigmoid sinus?
continuation of transverse sinus located in the sigmoid sulcus and continues as internal jugular vein beyond the jugular foramen
57
what is the location of the cavernous sinus and where does it terminate?
either side of the body of sphenoid and drains into the internal jugular vein or sigmoid sinus
58
what is the clinical significance of the cavernous sinus?
closely located to the pituitary gland so if there is an infection or swelling it will affect the cranial nerves. opthalmic, oculomotor, abducens
59
how is the retromandibular vein formed?
the superficial temporal joins with the maxillary vein
60
what two divisions does the retromandibular vein divide into?
anterior and posterior
61
what does the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein join with?
facial vein to form the common facial vein which drains into the IJV
62
what does the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein join with?
the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein
63
where does the external jugular vein drain into?
subclavian vein
64
the internal jugular vein joins with the subclavian vein to form the
branchiocephalic vein
65
what are the venous anastomoses?
between superficial and deep veins or between veins and dural venous sinuses
66
what are examples of superficial and deep vein anastomoses?
facial vein and maxillary vein via pterygoid venous plexus
67
what are examples of anastomoses between veins and dural venous sinuses?
pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus
68
what are examples of anastomoses between veins and dural venous sinuses?
pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus
69
what is the clinical significance of these anastomoses?
sites for infections to travel intracranially
70
why can intracranial infections be difficult to control?
there are no lymphatic drainages intracranially and no valves in the veins
71
what are the superficial veins?
internal jugular, external jugular, retromandibular, lingual, facial
72
what are the deep veins?
all the sinuses
73
what is the diencephalon?
thalamus and hypothalamus
74
what makes up the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
75
whats the hindbrain?
pons, medulla, cerebellum
76
which cranial nerves attach to the forebrain?
olfactory, optic
77
which cranial nerves attach to the midbrain?
oculomotor and trochlear
78
which cranial nerves attach to the pons?
trigeminal
79
which cranial nerves attach to the junction of pons and medulla?
facial, vestibulochoclear, abducent
80
which cranial nerves attach to the medulla?
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
81
what 2 structures are seen between the sigmoid sulcus
endosteal layer of dura matter meningeal layer of dura matter
82
terminal branches of the common carotid artery
external and internal carotid artery terminates at the upper boarder of thyroid cartilage
83
4 mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
1. auriculotemporal nerve 2. buccal nerve 3. inferior alveolar nerve 4. lingual nerve
84
3 ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
1. supratrochlear nerve 2. supraorbital nerve 3. external nasal nerve
85
3 maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
1. zygomaticofacial nerve 2. zygomaticotemporal nerve 3. infratemporal nerve

dsb week 8-12 (5 decks)

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