Week 8 Flashcards
What defines a hero?
stronger, more powerful, more beautiful, and more courageous
than the ordinary human
Pre-Trojan War Heroes
Heracles
Jason and the Argonauts
Theseus
Perseus
the Calydonian Boar hunters
the Seven against Thebes
Trojan War Heroes
Odysseus
Achilles
Aeneas
explain the reason for the Trojan War
a war fought between Greeks and Trojans, because a Trojan prince
(Paris Alexander) had stolen Helen, the wife of a Greek king
(Menelaus)
Roman Heroes
Aeneas
Romulus
Julius Caesar
who is Known for his strength, club, bow, lion skin
Performed 12 labors
Hercules
what are the two fates of Achilles
he could live gloriously and die young,
live quietly and die old
Who is the greatest warrior on the Greek side
main character of the Iliad
The greatest warrior on the
Achilles
Which poetry
the most serious type of poetry
heroic: deeds of mytho-historic heroes
mythological: tales of gods and demigods
historical: poems relating historic, generally non-
mythological events
didactic: “teaching” the poetry
Epic poetry
Which poetry
developed its distinctive form in 5th century Athens
almost all surviving tragedies and comedies were
written in 5th century Athens
Greek Drama poetry
Which poetry
Non-poetic writing starts as purely practical – lists, inscriptions, receipts. Even the earliest philosophers usually wrote in poetry rather than prose
History poetry
Which poetry
Life stories
Usually have moral goals as well
Biography poetry
Hercules fits some of the general conditions for a hero’s birth and
family what are they
- his mother is a princess
- his father is a god
- his divine father tricks his mother into sex
- his mother suffers
What ate 12 labors of heracles
- The Nemean Lion
- The Hydra
- The Ceryneian Hind
- The Erymanthian Boar
- The Augean Stables
- Stymphalian Birds
- Cretan Bul
- Mares of Diomedes
- Girdle of Hippolyte
- Geryon
- Apples of Hesperides
- Cerberus
the ______ had poisonous breath
Hydra
Heracles and the Apples of the
Hesperides
The Hesperides, daughters of Night
They guarded a tree which
grew golden apples
The tree was guarded by the
serpent Ladon
Their sister is ____, goddess of
rainbows
Iris
_________The study of peoples/tribes/groups
Ethnography
_____ are storm deities, the
daughters of Thaumas
and the grandchildren of the
Earth and Sea
They are hostile spirits who
carry off the living
Harpies
Great Grandson of Hermes
Favoured hero of Hera
He goes on a quest to regain his throne after his uncle had wrongfully
taken it from his father
His quest is to find the Golden Fleece, and he travels on the first ship,
the Argo, with a band of heroes to find it.
Jason
Aeëtes gives Jason a challenge what are they
- harness bulls with bronze hooves
- plow the field
- plant the serpent’s teeth
- defeat the earth-born warriors
What heros are involved in The Calydonian Boar Hunt
Dioscuri, Jason, Peleus,
Theseus and Pirithoüs, Iphiclesand Atalanta
What makes Jason an anti-hero?
Has personality traits traditionally assigned to villains or unheroic people.
The heroes are hunting
“_______” animals
monstrous
What are the characteristics that make a creature (or person) a monster?
- they may be too big
- they may have too many body parts
- They may have body parts from multiple animals or a combination of humans and animals
Two Distinct Eras of Greek Warfare
Bronze and Dark Ages: Unorganized bands in warfare, with individual challenges.
Archaic and Classical Periods: Hoplite warfare, fought as a cohesive team for the glory of the polis.
_______disciplined fighting unit, heavily armoured, each
man pays for his own armour and weapons
phalanx
_______ Similar to the phalanx, but with
more advanced training and
equipment
Legionary fighting
kleos and geras
kleos: glory/reputation
geras: war-prize, an outward sign of a man’s honour
_______ are for transportation, not combat
chariots
_______ is Achilles’ prize
Breseis
Under the protection of Diana,
goddess of the hung
She was fed by a mare as a baby
She is not an Amazon but her
status as a female warrior
makes her like an Amazon, and
she is compared to them
Camilla
______ presents himself as an
infallible general who undertook
necessary wars in the interest of
the Roman people
Caesar
______ hero’s journey to the
underworld
Katabasis
How and why does Hercules die?
Heracles cannot endure the pain and finally casts himself on a pyre on Mt. Oeta
*Why would a hero undertake a katabasis?
What does he gain from it?
To vist the underworld.
Heroes are commemorated after their
deaths, and some of them make the
transition from hero to god
How does the death of Caesar illustrate the
Roman hostility to monarchy?
He was killed by group of senators because they felt like he was trying to make himself king
_______ is when a human becomes a god
Apotheosis
Hercules marries _____, goddess of youth
Hebe
most well-known for defeating
the Minotaur in the Labyrinth on Crete
Theseus
_____ was driven out of Athens
Hippias
divus and deus
divine
god
emperor is referred to as ____
and not _____
divus
deus
______ a glorious battle in which a
hero displays his courage and virtue
Aristeia
_________ are a popular
narrative in modern culture
Succession myths
