Week 8

Question 1

What are symbols?

Answer 1

They are a word, an image, or an action that stands for something else

Question 2

What is a summarizing symbol?

Answer 2

They are symbols that represent a whole semantic domain and considers various elements within it

Question 3

What are elaborating symbols?

Answer 3

They are symbols that represent only one element of adamant and used in a wider semantic context

Question 4

What shapes our understanding of well-being?

Answer 4

Our culture and broader societal factors
How we describe wellness or unwellness is dependent on beliefs, customs, etc

Question 5

What is the broad definition of health?

Answer 5

A person’s societal, psychological and physical condition

Question 6

What is the broad definition of well-being?

Answer 6

Culturally defined state of a person’s physical and mental comfort and good health

Question 7

What is medical anthropology?

Answer 7

It is the study of well-being and health, illness and disease from a cultural context
Aims to bring forward human relations to these experiences, perspectives, and behaviours

Question 8

What is disease?

Answer 8

They are forms of biological impairment identified and explained within the biomedical discourse

Question 9

What is biomedicine?

Answer 9

It is the traditionally western form of medical knowledge practiced based on biological science

Question 10

What is illness?

Answer 10

It is a term used to describe a suffering person’s own understanding of their distress

Question 11

What is subsistence?

Answer 11

They are practices that meet he basic needs in life

Question 12

What is a domestic economy?

Answer 12

It is an economy that works with modes of production and exchange

Question 13

What are the four modes subsistence?

Answer 13

Foraging
Pastoralism
Horticulture
Agriculture

Question 14

What is foraging as a mode of subsistence?

Answer 14

It describes a societies that primarily rely on wild plant and animal food sources
Tend to have a broad diet
Live in smaller groups, semi-nomadic at times, follows availability of food and materials from forested areas

Question 15

What is pastoralism as a mode of subsistence?

Answer 15

It describes a subsistence system in which people raise herds of domesticated livestock
Semi-nomadic societies
Wealth is measured in number of animals owned
Usually consist of polygynous marriages (to maintain the cattle you need to add more labour and this is done by way of having more children and more women)
Women are usually the labourers however they are not permitted to own cattle

Question 16

What is horticulture as a mode of subsistence?

Answer 16

It describes a small-scale cultivation of crops intended primarily for subsistence
People whose garden supply the majority of their food
Move farms periodically

Question 17

What is agriculture as a mode of subsistence?

Answer 17

It is a subsistence system that involves the cultivation of domesticated plants and animals using technologies that allow for intensive use of the land
It is the cultivation of domesticated plants and animals using technologies such as irrigation, animals, mechanization, and inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides that allow for intensive and continuous use of land resources

Question 18

What are colonial cash-crops?

Answer 18

They are crops that are overly harvested by way of encouraging or forcing rural inhabitants to convert their previously diverse livelihood strategies to the production of a single export crop
This led to the commercial wage

Question 19

What are the modes of production in settler states split between?

Answer 19

They are split between intensive corporate plantation agriculture
Farming by european settlers using african labour
More extensive small-holder agriculture producing crops for export

Question 20

Did agricultural policies change post-colonisation?

Answer 20

Not necessarily. Many agricultural policies remained the same

Question 21

How was liberalisation achieved in the agricultural sector?

Answer 21

The elimination of state marketing institutions
Elimination of subsidies
Licensing of private bodies

Question 22

What are biotechnology advances?

Answer 22

They are hybrid seeds, biofortification and conventional and transgenic breeding

Question 23

What are the two main applications of biotechnology advances?

Answer 23

Biomedical: vaccines, pharamaceuticals
Agricultural: pest resistant, pesticide resistance, hybridization, artificial selection, nutrient-altering