week 8

Question 1

patho, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and manegement:
Cerebral palsy

Answer 1

group of permanent disorders of movement and posture
caused by a cerebral lesion sustained by an infant or fetus
It is fixed and nonprogressive
clinical manifestation: limited movement, may have intellectual or speach disability, some may have epilepsy, poor saliva control
Risk factors: low birth weight and birth asphyxia

management: consideration of disabilities

Question 2

patho, clincal manifestations, diagnosis and management of:
Multiple sclerosis

Answer 2

autoimmune disease: attacks glial cells (structural or cells surrounding neurons)
Because they attack schwann cells - this disrupts the pathway of action potentials
Cause: numbness, tingling, muscle spasms, dyspasia,
progressive disease
Treatment: supportive and protective care

Question 3

patho, clincal manifestations, diagnosis and management of
Hutingtons disease

Answer 3

Genetic and progessive
progessive dementia and involuntary writhing movements
Neurodegenative: attacks basal ganglia
- leads to movement abnormalities
- effects gaba glutamate and dopamine- the imbalance of these 3 causes involuntary muscle movement control
in the cortex you have dementia
- gaba signaling deficincy
- thought to cause cell death = brain atrophy and decrease cognitive function
- cognitive, motor, pschyiatric function - on a spectrum, every pt is different

dysphagia - big problem
high percentage death from pneumonia because of aspiration (breathing in spit)

out of hospital: treat symptoms

Question 4

patho, clincal manifestations, diagnosis and management of
Motor neuron disease

Answer 4

Also known as ALS
Neurodegentive disease
Targets the whole neuron
progressive degeneration of the upper and lower neurons
first manifests as muscle weakness -> fatal paralysis
lose the ability to talk, walk, move, breath

unknown cause
Symptomatic treatment

Question 5

patho, clincal manifestations, diagnosis and management of
guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 5

autoimmune disorder
attacks pepherial nerves
often proceded after possible infection (days, weeks, months)
starts with motor and sensory deficits
Dysfunctions begin at extremities and move upwards

Symptoamatic treatment
supportive care

Question 6

describe the phsyiological complications and management of overdose patient from:
cholinergics and anticholinergics

Answer 6

SLUDGEBBB - cholingergics
S: salivation
L: lacramation (crying)
U: urination
D: Defication
G: GI upset
E: Emesis
B: bradycardia
B: bronchoconstriction
B: behavioural
Organophosphates are a big one

anticholinergics:
Dry mucosa
Flushed skin
urinary retention
tachycardia
hypertension
hyperthermia
seziures
dysarrthymias
atropine
antiparkinsons
antihistamines

management:
D: infectious agents (decontaminate)
treat symptoms
- e.g. seizure managements, fluid therapy, temperature management, airway

Question 7

describe the phsyiological complications and management of overdose patient from:
benzodiazepines

Answer 7

CNS depressent
Resp depressent
Affects increase with alcohol
drowsniess/coma

Supportive care and symptomatic managment

Question 8

describe the phsyiological complications and management of overdose patient from:
Antipsychotics

Answer 8

Blocks dopamine and serotinin receptors
decrease BP, Increase HR and CNS depression,
Prolonged QT,
Extrapyramidal effects

ECG, midaz for seizures, iv access
Symptom management

Question 9

describe the phsyiological complications and management of overdose patient from:
tricyclic antidepressents

Answer 9

inhibit serotinin and norepineprhine uptake
anticholinergic effects
quinodine like effects
- negative inotrope, pronlonged QT, ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. torsades)
alpha- adrenergic blockage effects
- hypertension
CNS effects
- seizures + coma
Management:
-12 lead
- supportive care
- midaz for seizures
-cardiac arrest