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psy324: positive psych > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the diff bw the Job Satisfaction Scale vs the Job Descriptive Index?

A

JSS: bayfield and rothe, “i find real enjoyment in my job.”

JDI: smith et al., examines satisfaction with diff aspects of work (pay, coworkers, work itself).

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2
Q

there is a ___ relationship bw work and WB. what does this depend on?

A

positive (r = 0.11 for occ status, 0.35-40 for job satisfaction).

depends on how work is operationalized.

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3
Q

what are the 2 work-WB relationship explanations from Week 7?

A
  1. monetary desire-fulfillment theory
  2. human nature approach
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4
Q

describe csikszentmihalyi’s theory of flow (3 necessary conditions)

A
  1. activity with clear goals and progress.
  2. clear + immediate feedback.
  3. good balance bw perceived challenges and perceived skills.

flow positively related to WB, if work has flow then positively related to WB.

supporting evidence:
- while leisure is more pleasurable than work, more flow while engaged in work.

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5
Q

what is flow?

A

flow: a positive, pleasurable experience.

-lose self-reflective awareness.
-intense focus on present moment.
-merging action and awareness.
-agency over activity.
-activity is intrinsically rewarding.

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6
Q

___ mediates the relationship bw work and WB.

A

job satisfaction

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7
Q

what are the 3 types of theories about what determines job satisfaction?

A
  1. situational theories (bottom-up)
    -good job = JS = +WB
    -e.g., job characteristics model
  2. dispositional theories (top-down)
    -happy workers = JS = +WB
  3. interactionistic theories (fit theories)
    -good fit bw job and individual = +WB.
    -e.g., holland’s vocational interests.
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8
Q

what is the job characteristics model (5)?

A

-good jobs are intrinsically motivating

  1. task identity (seek work from start to finish)
  2. task significance
  3. skill variety
  4. autonomy
  5. feedback (performance evaluation)
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9
Q

characteristics from the job characteristics model are positively correlated to ___ and ___.

A

each other (0.27-47) and WB.

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10
Q

what are some other characteristics of jobs that matter explored by vinas-bardolet et al. (2020)?

A

working hours, work-life balance, flexible schedule, job security.

-some job characteristics affected overall LS via other domains (ex. working hours impact social relationships).

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11
Q

what are dispositional theories?

A

Big 5 traits account for ~20% of variance in job satisfaction.

Ex. neuroticism: r = -.29 (~10%)
Ex. extraversion: r = .25 (~6%)
Ex. conscientiousness: r = .26 (~6%)

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12
Q

what are holland’s vocational interests (6)?

A
  1. SOCIAL: “HELPERS”
    -cooperative; support; help; communication & interpersonal skills.
  2. ENTERPRISING: “PERSUADERS”
    -competitive; persuasion; leadership; communication & leadership skills.
  3. CONVENTIONAL: “ORGANIZERS”
    -detail-oriented; clerical; organizing; following instructions carefully.
  4. REALISTIC: “DOERS”
    -practical; problem-solving; “hands-on”; tool-oriented; physical strength.
  5. INVESTIGATIVE: “THINKERS”
    -analytical; conceptual; theoretical; problem-solving; scientific; explorative.
  6. ARTISTIC: “CREATORS”
    -creative; original; unconventional; introspective.
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13
Q

what is donohue’s (2006) main contribution?

A

-congruence (fit) predicts job satisfaction (r = .25).
-fit greater for workers with stable career paths.

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14
Q

what are the different types/purposes of excessive working (Bonebright et al.) (3)?

A
  1. driven:
    work-life conflict: r = .42; LS: r = -.20
  2. high involvement:
    work-life conflict: r = .20; LS: r = -.20
  3. enjoyment:
    work-life conflict: r = -.14; LS: r = -.37
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15
Q

what did clark et al.’s (2016) meta-analysis find in relation to excessive working?

A

-although excessive workers enjoyed their work to an extent, also had lower JS and higher NA.

-enjoyment bc of “flow” or may get a “worker’s high” when at work only.

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16
Q

according to OECD, the most common leisure activity in 18 countries, accounting for over 50% of total leisure time expenditures was ___

A

watching tv

17
Q

definitions of leisure may vary by perspective, what are the 3 perspectives? explain them.

A
  1. structural (external vantage point):
    -amt of time/diversity/frequency of participation in normatively defined leisure activities.
    -ex. games, sports, etc.
  2. subjective (internal vantage point):
    -amt of time/diversity/frequency of participation in activities that individuals view as leisure.

“leisure engagement” encompasses both views

  1. neulinger (1981)
    leisure based on:
    a) perceived freedom: person feels that what they do is by choice
    b) intrinsic motivation: rewards from participation seen as coming from engaging in the activity itself.
18
Q

what are the 2 leisure-WB relationship explanations?

A
  1. self-determination theory:
    -individuals are intrinsically curious + active and thrive in contexts conducive to intrinsic motivation. these contexts yield greatest WB.
    -i.e., autonomy, freedom… leisure activities.
  2. enjoyment and flow:
    -leisure activities provide enjoyment and flow, which is related to WB.
    -active vs. passive leisure activities.
    (passive = watching netflix, social media etc).
19
Q

what is the dramma model?

A

-leisure related to WB bc it helps to satisfy 6 overarching needs:

  1. detachment from work-related thoughts
  2. recovery from work stress
  3. autonomy
  4. mastery
  5. meaning
  6. affiliation

integrates several theories

20
Q

describe the moderator “country” for the leisure-WB relationship

A

recall schwartz’s (1999) cultural values:

when mastery & hierarchy important, work more central to life than leisure.

when affective autonomy, egalitarianism, harmony, conservatism values important, leisure more central to life than work.

“values-as-moderator” hypothesis: satisfaction with value-congruent domains more strongly associated with SWB.

21
Q

describe the moderator “life stage” for the leisure-WB relationship

A

a) LIFE TASK MODEL OF PERSONALITY:
-task pursuits are influenced by culturally mandated tasks distinct to particular life stages
-ex. early adulthood = emphasize importance of work, early/middle adulthood = family-related goals, older adulthood =
Importance of leisure increases.

b) ACTIVE THEORY:
-domain activities provide a context for reinforcing self-concept through role identities. more domain activity = +WB.
-when individuals are working, both work and leisure roles can reinforce positive self-concept
-but, after retirement only leisure role remains… becomes more important.

22
Q

is leisure correlated with WB (kuykendall et al.’s (2015) meta-analysis)?

A

correlation bw well-being & leisure engagement: r = .26

LS: r = .28
PA: r = .29
NA: r = -.10

leisure increases satisfaction, which then increases SWB.
high SWB also promotes higher leisure satisfaction.

23
Q

what are kuykendall’s moderators of the leisure-well-being relationship (2)?

A
  1. COUNTRY:
    -leisure satisfaction NOT more strongly associated with SWB for Europeans than for americans.
  2. LIFE STAGE:
    -leisure satisfaction more strongly associated with SWB for retired than working individuals.
24
Q

what are the main findings regarding the relationship between leisure & WB in children?

A

holder et al. (2009):
-assessed self-concept, happiness, active & passive leisure as well as parent informant reports.

-active leisure positively correlated with WB.
-passive leisure negatively correlated with WB.
-leisure accounted for ~16% of variance in children’s happiness & ~18% of variance in children’s self-concept.

25
Q

are vacations positively or negatively related to WB?

A

positively

26
Q

what are the 3 theories of the relationship bw work and leisure?

A
  1. “spill over” theories:
    -work attitudes and practices can “spill over” or generalize to leisure time.
  2. “compensation” theories
    -use leisure to compensate for what work cannot bring.
  3. “segmentalized” theories
    -leisure and work kept completely separate
27
Q

the shift toward more integration of work and leisure involves ___ (2)?

A
  1. serious play: using leisure activities in the workplace ex. games.
  2. serious leisure

psy324: positive psych (9 decks)

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