week 7 - written language development Flashcards
what is a phoneme
basic unit of the sound of language
what is a grapheme
orthographic representation of a phoneme
what is phonology
organisation of the sounds of language
what is orthography
the rules and conventions of a written language
outline what deep/opaque orthography is
non univocal relationships between phonemes and graphemes
outline what shallow/transparent orthography is
clear relationships between phonemes and graphemes
discuss why learning to read may or may not be just learning
yes:
- connectionism and behaviourism. reduced set of principles that explain learning regardless of the content
no:
- most theories of learning to read refer to mechanisms inherent to language decoding
discuss the equation of the simple view of reading
Reading comprehension (RC) = Decoding (D) x Language comprehension (LC)
what is RC, Decoding and LC
RC - extraction of meaning from written material
D - efficiently pronouncing
LC - listening comprehension
outline Share’s self-teaching hypothesis from 1995
- considers learning to read as the product of orthographic knowledge acquisition over time
- basic decoding skills provides an opportunity to translate a printed word into spoken form.
- this attempt provides an opportunity to acquire word-specific orthographic info needed.
what are the 3 factors that influence decoding
- phonological awareness
- letter knowledge
- grapheme-to-phoneme correspondances
outline phonological awareness in influencing decoding
- the ability to identify and manipulate sounds that make spoken words
- grouping of words by sound and not just meaning
outline letter knowledge in influencing decoding
- when the letter is not visually distinctive this is used
(d,b)
outline grapheme-phoneme correspondances in influencing decoding
- knowledge of GPCs is fundamental to reading
- knowledge of letter sounds strongly predicts reading development, independent of phonological awareness.
what is Frith 1985, stages of reading development
logographic (overall appearance) -> alphabetic (individual letters) -> orthographic
what is writing?
- writing represents the sounds of language
- in alphabetic languages, writing represents phonological units
outline the simple view of writing as shown by Berminger & Amtmann (2003)
text generation - word, sentences
transcription - spelling, handwriting, typewriting
exec functions - attention, planning, reviewing
USES WORKING MEMORY
outline transcription
- involves spelling processes and peripheral processes
- the process of converting audio or video content to a written format of the same language.
