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Analytical and Clinical > Week 7 - Liver Function Test > Flashcards

Week 7 - Liver Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme is involved in the urea/amino acid pathway?

A

AST

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2
Q

What is Creatine Kinase (CK) used to detect?

A

heart attack

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3
Q

What creatine kinase?

A

a biomarker

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4
Q

What is a classic example of an isoenzyme?

A

LDH

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5
Q

What is an isoenzyme?

A
  • catalyse same type of reaction
  • genetically determined differences in AA sequences
  • not modifications
  • a species may contain several isoenzymes
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6
Q

What defines an isoenzyme?

A

the genes sequence

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7
Q

What are AST and ALT indicators of?

A

hepatocyte damage

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8
Q

What are AST and ALT involved in?

A

amino acid breakdown

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9
Q

What is Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) involved in?

A

The reversible conversion between pyruvate and lactate.

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10
Q

What is Alkaline Phosphatase?

A

bile ducts not hepatocyte cells
- links to the excretion of biles salts and bilirubin

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11
Q

What is GTI linked to?

A

Cirrhosis
- cell death in hepatocytes

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12
Q

How can we determine different enzymes?

A
  1. we can use relatively specific substrates
  2. we can use inhibitors
  3. antibodies
  4. electrophoresis
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13
Q

Isoelectric Point

A

a protein has a neutral charge zero charge

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14
Q

Prothrombin Time

A
  • relates to blood coagulation
  • measure the amount of time for it to coagulate
  • links to liver function because the liver synthesises the precursor for thrombin prothrombin. - enzyme required in blood coagulation cascade
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15
Q

What is another factor that affects prothrombin time?

A

deficiency in vitamin k

because vitamin K is a required factor for some of the enzymes in the coagulation pathway.

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16
Q

Where is albumin synthesised?

A

in the liver

17
Q

What is the half life of albumin?

A

roughly 20 days

18
Q

Why can albumin be a good indicator for long term liver damage?

A

has a long half life of 20 days

19
Q

What does albumin do?

A

it is the main transport protein in the blood and transports fatty acids during fasting and transports clinical drugs

20
Q

Where is bilirubin formed?

A

in the spleen

21
Q

What is bilirubin formed from the breakdown of?

A

the haem group

22
Q

What is a characteristic of bilirubin?

A

is it a very hydrophobic compound

23
Q

Where is bilirubin transported to?

A

to the liver bound to albumin

24
Q

What is bilirubin converted to in the liver?

A

a glucoronide conjugate which is one of the enzymes in phase two of drug metabolism

  • this facilitated the excretion of glucoronide
25
Q

What does the build up of bilirubin show?

A

orange tan indication of liver damage

26
Q

Why are orange babies?

A

often found in new born babies because liver has not fully formed

Analytical and Clinical (11 decks)

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