Week 7 Electrotherapy for Pain Modulation - Noxious Level Stimulation

Question 1

Noxious Electrical Stimulation

AKA electroacupuncture, brief intense TENS
Goal: (Pain relief/Increase ROM)

Mechanisms:
____ theory
Central pathways via release of endogenous opiates, stimulation of descending inhibitory pathways

Goal is to decrease pain.

Target tissue: TBD. Always start with goal in mind and target tissue

Mechanism is more than just the gate control theory. A lot of these mechanisms are not well understood.

Answer 1

Pain relief; Gate;

Question 2

Theoretical Basis for Noxious Stim

Immediate relief – via ____ theory:
Interelectrode analgesia
Peripheral blocking of (C, A-delta/B, A-delta) fibers

Electrical stimulation of any type can cause pain relief due to above ^^

A decrease in pain and the a delta wave was diminished or absent with stimulation of the nerve (median nerve was studied).

Gate theory – interelectrode analgesia. Immediate decrease or abolishing of pain.

Answer 2

gate; C, A-delta

Question 3

Kots Method:

Developed using Russian (AC) current
Parameters can be mimicked using PC

Russian Current- AKA medium frequency

• ______ Hz carrier frequency or ______ microsecond pulse duration for PC version
  Burst frequency: _ Hz or bursts/sec
  Pulse frequency: _ pps
• Intensity: (max/minimum) pain tolerance
• / on/off time
• (Do not use/Use) ice during tx
• Rx time: (-) min

Answer 3

2500; 400; 50; 50; max; 12/8; Use; 10-15

Question 4

Defrin method

Uses pre-mod current
Parameters can be converted to PC

Effective for chronic knee OA
Premod IFC current
_-_ Hz carrier frequency
Beat frequency: _-_Hz > Sweep modulation
Intensity: _% above max pain
Continuous: no on/off time
Rx Time: _ min

Noxious stimulation is where the intensity is perceived as noxious and all have the ability to provide that long lasting relief regardless of whether or not the method is near the pulse duration to stimulate the C fibers.

Answer 4

4000-5000; 30-60; 30; 20