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Mental Health > Week 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Week 7 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of communication disorders?

A

language disorders
speech sound disorders (lisp)
childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
social communication disorder (socially awkward)

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2
Q

Describe autism spectrum disorder

A

deficits in social and emotional interactions
repetitive behavior (stimming, preservation, echolalia)
strict routines
sensory integration dysfunction
sleep disorders
digestive disorders
feeding disorders
epilepsy
allergies

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3
Q

Describe mild autism

A

social deficit
can communicate
can function

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4
Q

Describe moderate autism

A

communication deficits
obvious repetitive behaviors
changes cause distress

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5
Q

Describe severe autism

A

severe social deficits
limited communication/nonverbal
aggression

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6
Q

What are examples of learning disabilities?

A

dyslexia (words mixed up)
dyscalculia (hard time linking #s to words)

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7
Q

What are examples of motor disorders?

A

developmental coordination disorder
tourette’s disorder

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8
Q

Describe developmental coordination disorder

A

clumsy
hard time with hand writing

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9
Q

Describe Tourette’s disorder

A

mild to severe
tic disorder (motor or vocal)
early childhood onset

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10
Q

When would it be appropriate to diagnose a child with bipolar or mood disorder?

A

when it impairs functioning

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11
Q

Describe disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

form of depression for child 6-10 yrs
tantrums bigger than expected (not age appropriate)

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12
Q

Describe trichotillomania

A

pulling or twisting of hair
common in females

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13
Q

Describe excoriation disorder

A

skin picking
leads to lesions, infection, scarring

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14
Q

Describe pica

A

persistent eating of nonfood substances

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15
Q

Describe reactive attachment disorder

A

trauma/stress disorder
children who have inconsistent care
irritability
sadness
nightmares
regressive behaviors

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16
Q

Describe rumination disorder

A

repeated regurgitation of food, then rechewed, swallowed, or spit out

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17
Q

Describe avoidant/restrictive food intake disdorder

A

persistent failure to meet nutritional or energy needs
dependent on supplements

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18
Q

Describe enuresis

A

repeated voiding of urine voluntarily/involuntarily
ex: bed wetting
abnormal after age of 6

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19
Q

Describe encopresis

A

repeated passage of feces voluntarily/involuntarily
abnormal after age of 5

if not treated, megacolon can occur

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20
Q

Describe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

persistent pattern of:
inattention
impaired ability to focus/concentrate
hyperactivity
impulsivity (poor decisions)

easily distracted, messy, fidgety

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21
Q

What would be implemented for a child with ADHD?

A

stimulation reduction (remove distractions)
enhance organization skills (planner or lists)
enhance time management (prioritization)

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22
Q

What medications are used for ADHD?

A

Stimulants:
- methylphenidate
- amphetamine salts
- lisdexamfetamine

antidepressants:
- bupropion
- atomoxetine

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23
Q

What are the benefits of stimulants given for ADHD?

A

helps to improve attention and focus
reduces hyperactive behaviors

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24
Q

When is the best time to give stimulants for ADHD?

A

in the morning
not after 4pm

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25
Q

What should those who are taking stimulants for ADHD be cautious about?

A
  • weight loss (monitor 2-3x/week)
  • high risk for substance abuse
  • cardiovascular symptoms (chest pain/palpitations
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26
Q

What are the benefits of antidepressants given for ADHD?

A

improves anxiety or obsessive traits

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27
Q

What should those who are taking antidepressants for ADHD be cautious about?

A

few weeks to take effect
increased risk for suicide

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28
Q

Describe gender dysphoria

A
  • feeling that a person is in the wrong gendered body
  • strong desire to assume opposite gender
  • experience embarrassment/social isolation
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29
Q

Describe the transition preparation for someone with gender dysphoria

A
  • psychotherapy
  • living as desired gender for 1-2 yrs
  • surgical intervention
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30
Q

Describe oppositional defiant disorder

A

argue with authority or sibling
annoy others

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31
Q

Describe conduct disorder

A

physical
bully
sets fires
mean to people
steals

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32
Q

What is done during the assessment phase of the nursing process for a child with a mental health disorder?

A

ask when parents are not around

  • mental health status
  • observation
  • substance use?
  • sexual activity?
  • self-harm?
  • development stages (@ correct stage?)
  • trauma
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33
Q

What are non pharmacological interventions for a child with a mental health disorder?

A
  • parental support (important)
  • group therapy
  • milieu therapy
  • behavior modification (reward system)
  • therapeutic holding
  • quiet room
  • play therapy (acting out situation)
  • dramatic play therapy
  • therapeutic games
  • bibliotherapy (using books to express feelings)
  • therapeutic drawing
  • music therapy
  • mvmt/dance therapy
  • recreational therapy
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34
Q

What will someone with a serious mental health illness have difficulty with?

A

ADLs
relationships
communication
finances
coping

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35
Q

What effect will someone with a serious mental illness have on their families?

A

difficulty coping
burnout
abuse

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36
Q

Describe impulse control disorders

A
  • decreased ability to resist an impulse to perform certain acts
  • knows acts are wrong
  • increasing tension = sense of relief
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37
Q

What are examples of impulse control disorders?

A

intermittent explosive disorder
kleptomania
pyromania
gambling disorder

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38
Q

Describe intermittent explosive disorder

A

recurrent and unpremeditated episodes of verbal/behavioral aggression or rage

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39
Q

Describe kleptomania

A

uncontrollable urge to steal

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40
Q

Describe pyromania

A

recurring compulsion to set fires
sense of accomplishment

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41
Q

Describe gambling disorder

A

preoccupation with gambling/inability to resist urge to gamble

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42
Q

What are the interventions for impulse control disorders?

A

tension prevention
assist with managing feeling
help identify consequences w/ actions
special hairstyling

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43
Q

What are the treatments for impulse control disorders?

A

combination of psychotherapy and medications

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44
Q

What are examples of medications for impulse control disorders?

A

antidepressants
lithium
mood stabilizers
atypical antipsychotics
naltrexone (decrease impulse/cravings)

45
Q

Define paraphilic disorders

A

sexual acts that deviate from socially acceptable behavior

46
Q

What can paraphilic disorders cause?

A

distress
risk of harm
actual harm

47
Q

Describe fetish

A

unusual preoccupation with object. body part, or activity to achieve sexual gratification

48
Q

Describe exhibitionistic disorder

A

sexually aroused by exposing genitals usually to a stranger

49
Q

Describe frotteuristic disorder

A

obtaining sexual arousal from rubbing genitals against unsuspecting others in public places

50
Q

Describe pedophilia

A

fantasizing or actual secual activity with prepubescent child

51
Q

Describe sexual masochism

A

sexual gratification from having pain and/or humiliation inflicted upon self

52
Q

Describe sexual sadism disorder

A

creating psychological/physical pain in others

53
Q

Describe transvestic disorder

A

sexual gratification by dressing as opposite gender

NOT gender dysphoria

54
Q

Describe voyeuristic disorder

A

sexual gratification from watching unsuspecting people in sexually arousing situations

55
Q

What are the interventions for someone with paraphilic disorders?

A

convey acceptance
assist with helpful resources
maintain boundaries
stress control strategies
assist with identifying consequences

56
Q

What are the interdisciplinary treatments for paraphilic disorders?

A

medications (decrease impulse)
chemical/surgical castration
psychotherapy

57
Q

What are the medications for paraphilic disorders?

A

antidepressants
naltrexone
antipsychotics
mood stabilizers
Rxs that intefere with sexual hormones

58
Q

Describe chemical castration

A

monthly injection

59
Q

Describe ageism

A

deeply rooted negative attitudes towards individuals due to their age

60
Q

What can depression present as in older adults?

A

delirium or dementia

61
Q

What is the treatment for depression in older adults?

A

psychosocial treatments
talk therapy
social support systems
ECT
antidepressants

62
Q

Describe AIDS-related dementia

A

dementia caused by AIDS or HIV

older adults done use condoms
older women at higher risk
- skin will tear and easier to get AIDS or HIV

63
Q

Describe physician assisted suicide

A

nurse prohibited from being involved

  • make 3 requests for assisted suicide
  • needs to have 6 months left to live
  • 18 yrs old and resident of CA
64
Q

Describe withholding of life-sustaining treatment

A

nurse can participate

unplugging ventilator or not giving tx if pt refuses

65
Q

Define crisis

A

acute/time limited events

struggle for equilibrium and adjustment when problem seems unsolvable

66
Q

What are the three types of crises?

A

developmental
situational
existential

67
Q

Can more than one crisis occur at once?

A

yes

68
Q

Define developmental crisis

A

normal event that leads to stress

ex: life changes, milestones

69
Q

Describe situational crisis

A
  • arises from an external source (ex: unexpected loss, recent diagnosis)
  • unanticipated
  • common
70
Q

What does a situational crisis response depend on?

A

degree of support available
resiliency
overall physical & emotional health

71
Q

Describe adventitious crisis

A

type of situational crisis
community wide
ex: natural disasters, COVID

72
Q

Describe existential crisis

A

questioning life purpose or spirituality

can lead to:
- newfound motivation
- feelings of isolation, depression

73
Q

How many phases are there of crisis? How does one move onto the next phase?

A

4 phases
if they can’t fix conflict, then they move to the next phase

74
Q

Describe phase 1 of crisis

A

conflicted with conflict
responds with increased anxiety

ideal for pt to stay in phase 1 and not advance

pt uses defense mechanisms and problem solving

75
Q

Describe phase 2 of crisis

A

threat persists
anxiety rises
functioning is disorganized
trial and error attempts begin

76
Q

Describe phase 3 of crisis

A

trial and error fails
severe anxiety and panic
withdrawal and flight
reevaluating needs

77
Q

Describe phase 4 of crisis

A

overwhelming anxiety
serious personality disorganization
homicidal/suicidal behavior

78
Q

What is done during the assessment phase for someone who is going through a crisis?

A

first assess
- safety (suicidal/homicidal/hallucinations)

then assess
- patient’s perception
- situational support
- coping skills

79
Q

What is implemented for someone who is going through a crisis?

A

Primary care
- promote mental health and reduce mental illness

Secondary care
- establish intervention during an acute crisis to prevent prolonged anxiety (safety is key)

Tertiary care
- provide support for those recovering from a disabling mental state

80
Q

Define critical stress debriefing

A

done after traumatic situation

  • allows individuals to talk about situation
  • refer certain individuals to therapists
81
Q

What is done during the evaluation stage for someone who is is going through a crisis?

A

assess pt
- feels safe?
- uses coping skills?
- level of functioning?

82
Q

Define suicide

A

act of intentionally ending one’s life
“completed suicide”

83
Q

Define suicide attempt

A

willful, self-inflicted, life-threatening attempt
does not end w/ death

84
Q

Define suicide ideation

A

the process of thinking about killing oneself

85
Q

What is the prevalence of suicide?

A

2nd leading cause of death for 15-29
males more likely, due to lethal means
women attempt more due to impulse decisions during crisis

86
Q

What are the risk factors for suicide?

A
  • health
  • environmental (knows someone who committed suicide)
  • historical (native americans/alaskan natives)
  • genetics (suicide clusters in families)
  • age (14-24 or older white men)
87
Q

What is done during the assessment for someone who is suicidal?

A

verbal cues
behavioral cues
suicide assessment

88
Q

What are the verbal cues for someone who is suicidal?

A

overt statements (obvious)
- I wish I were dead

covert (subtle)
- I won’t be a problem much longer

89
Q

What are the behavioral cues for someone who is suicidal?

A

sudden
giving away possessions
putting affairs in order
neglecting hygiene

90
Q

What is done during the suicide assessment?

A
  1. identify feelings
  2. ask directly - have you had thoughts of harming/killing self?
  3. ask if they have a plan
  4. determine lethality of plans
  5. gather info of risk factors
  6. hx of suicide?
  7. consult professional - safety plan
  8. assess social supports
91
Q

What is implemented for someone who is suicidal?

A

don’t leave individual alone
family/community support
restrict access to lethal means
CBT
remain non judgemental and listen attentively

92
Q

What happens postvention for the friends and families of those who have committed suicide?

A
  • initiate 24-72 hours after death
    post
  • post traumatic stress reactions
  • post trauma loss debriefing
93
Q

Define palliative care

A

supports quality of life through the end of life

94
Q

Define hospice care

A

provided at the end of life
supports family and patient

95
Q

Define loss

A

part of human experience
ex: loss of relationship, loss of health, loss of security

96
Q

Define grief

A
  • individualized response to a loss that is perceived, real, or anticipated
  • normal response to loss at the time of death, and various reactions can occur
97
Q

Describe normal grief

A

uncomplicated grief
resolves in 6 months
normal progression

98
Q

Describe acute grief

A

unexpected death
can lead to exacerbation of preexisting problems (ex: relapse)

99
Q

Describe anticipatory grief

A

living person has illness and will die

will feel anger/sadness

100
Q

Describe disenfranchised grief

A

grief that is not publicly mourned

ex: miscarriage

101
Q

Describe complicated grief

A
  • grief that lasts more than 6 months
  • can’t come to terms with death
  • impairs ability to function
102
Q

Describe ambiguous loss

A

grief of someone who is there physically, but not there mentally
or
there mentally, but gone physically

103
Q

Define mourning

A

the way a person expresses grief and the efforts taken to manage grief

104
Q

Define grief work

A

the process of grief recovery or how a person adjusts to the loss

105
Q

What are examples of emotional responses?

A

grief
anger
guilt
crying

106
Q

What are the four tasks of mourning?

A
  • ACCEPT reality of loss
  • PROCESS pain of grief while caring for self
  • ADJUST without the deceased
  • FIND an enduring connection w/ deceased
107
Q

What is done during the assessment for someone who is mourning?

A
  • identify risk factors that complicate successful completion of mourning
  • identify cultural/spiritual beliefs
  • assess for suicide
  • assess support systems
108
Q

What are examples of communication skills for the dying?

A

open ended questions
active listening
therapeutic presence
address spirituality

Mental Health (8 decks)

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