Week 7 Aggression and Attraction Flashcards
What are the 4 different types of aggression?
Indirect aggression - behind back
Direct aggression - to face
Hostile aggression - from anger
Instrumental aggression - Hurt someone to accomplish a (non-aggressive goal)
What is the 2 parts of the evolutionary argument to explain aggression?
men are innately aggressive to perpetuate their genes into offspring
- Male aggression is to establish dominance over other males
- To ensure female mates do not have sex with other males, to ensure their paternity of their offspring.
What did Kuo demonstrate?
Kuo (1961) - a cat raised with a rat did not attack the rat but became close companions, and did not attack other rats as well. This indicates that aggressive behaviour can be inhibited by early experience but not prove that aggression is not instinctive
What are the 3 brain structures/hormones involved in aggression?
- Aggression in humans are associated with the amygdala, when activated docile organisations become violent
- Serotonin seems to inhibit impulsive aggression, violent criminals have lower levels of naturally produced serotonin,
- Testosterone leads to increase in aggression, found by injecting animals with it, higher levels found in violent criminals and juvenile delinquents
What is the socio-economic approach to explaining aggression?
- Higher rates of delinquency were found in low SES areas
- Those in high SES areas had lower rates of delinquency, ie. did not need to resort to criminal behaviours, had other ways to attain status
How does pain influence aggression?
If animals are in pain and cannot flee it will fight (flee vs. fight response) and will attack anything in sight, humans are also influenced by pain as well as heat, humanity, air pollution and offensive smells
How does social learning influence aggression? (Bandura)
Observable learning in aggression especially when rewarding
Abusive parents are often abused by their own parents, ie. violence becomes acceptable method of dealing with parenting
Does media influence aggression?
Yes! Watching violent media in adolescence is positively correlated with likelihood of being violent, regardless of education, income and neighbourhood violence
Why do cultures ostracise others?
To regulate social behaviour - we are motivated to establish and maintain a balance of social contact, making people feel alienated, lonely and powerless in social isolation.
What are the 4 factors that facilitate the formation of social relationships? (PSPF)
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Physical attractiveness
- Familiarity
What is the Propinquity effect? And what is it attributed to?
The social effect that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to be our friends
Suggests that the probability of friendship is inversely proportional to the living distance between people
It is attributed to the mere exposure effect, ie. the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it.
Do opposites really attract?
No!
Research suggests that similarity overwhelmingly draws people together compared to complementarity (opposites attract)
Friends, couples and spouses are much more likely to have values in common, but this is only correlational in nature.
The bidirectional relationship between social formation and similarity remains unclear.
What is the physical attractive stereotype?
The assumption that beautiful people must have other socially desirable traits and positive qualities because of their beauty
In stories, bad characters are often drawn intentionally ugly, while heroes and good characters are beautiful
Is beauty subjective?
No lol
Found cross-cultural consistency in beautiful people!
Beautiful women: large widely separated eyes, small nose and chin, wide cheekbones and narrow cheeks
Men: square jaw, small eyes, thin lips
Whatare the 3 reasons why people overwhelming prefer faces that resemble their own?
Propinquity effect
Similarity
Reciprocal liking
