Week 7 Flashcards
Causes of fluid-electrolyte imbalance
- Extracellular fluid-volume deficit (dehydration)
- Interstitial fluid-volume excess (edema)
- Extracellular fluid-volume excess
- Illness: increased resps, increased metabolic demands
Role of the lungs in acid-base balance
• Release of CO2 regs pH
CO2 is mildly acidic so if it accumulates - pH decreases becoming acidic. The brain then increases resp rate to eliminate excess CO2 - homeostasis.
Normal urine output for children & enfants
0.5 to 1mL/kg/hr (children)
2 mL/kr/hr (infants)
Substances that give ions when dissolved in water are called electrolytes. Five most common:
Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium), Ca++ (calcium)
Mg++ (magnesium) & Cl- (Chloride)
Mechanism of movement:
• Movement of fluid
- Filtration and Osmosis
• Movement of electrolytes
- Diffusion and Active Transport
Hospitalization is a stressor for all children. Parents often have other responsibilities that prevent them from staying with their child during hospitalization. Which age groups can best tolerate separation from parents during hospitalization?
Infants birth to five months
An analgesic is ordered for a post-surgical patient to be given every three to four hours. The nurse knows that a delay in giving the medication will cause a(n):
Increase in the chance of breakthrough pain.
The nurse administered morphine intravenously to a four-year-old postoperative patient. Thirty minutes later, the nurse assesses the child. Which assessment finding requires further evaluation?
Respiratory rate went from 42 to 16
A four-year-old child is admitted to the hospital secondary to dehydration. Lab tests indicate a high hemoglobin and hematocrit, and the serum sodium is below normal levels. This fluid loss is indicative of which condition?
Hypotonic dehydration
A nurse is taking care of four different pediatric clients. Which of the following children is at greatest risk for dehydration?
18-month-old child with tachypnea.
The nurse is assessing an infant brought to the clinic because of diarrhea. The infant is alert but has dry mucous membranes. Which other sign indicates the infant is still in the early to moderate stage of dehydration?
Tachycardia
A child with croup has an increased pCO2, a decreased pH, and a normal HCO3 blood gas value. The nurse interprets this as uncompensated:
Respiratory acidosis.
The nurse is expecting the admission of a child with severe isotonic dehydration. Which intravenous fluid should the nurse anticipate the doctor to order initially to replace fluids?
0.9% normal saline (NS)
A six-year-old child is hypokalemic. The nurse is helping the child complete the menu. The nurse would encourage this child to select which menu items?
Pizza with a fruit plate
As a result of opioid administration, a child’s respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse would expect that lab changes that might be noted in response to the changes in the child’s uncompensated respiratory pattern would include:
Increased PCO2 and respiratory acidosis.
