Week 7

Question 1

Otherwise known as therapeutics

Answer 1

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 2

What does pharmacotherapeutics include?

Answer 2

• prescription
• over-the-counter (OTC) - - off-label prescriptions

Question 2

sustain life or treat disease

Answer 2

acute treatment

Question 2

Examples of pharmacotherapeutics (8)

Answer 2

• acute treatment
• maintenance
• supplemental
• palliative
• supportive
• prophylactic
• empirical
• recreational

Question 3

examples of acute treatment

Answer 3

Chemotherapy, medications for shock

Question 3

doesn’t cure, but slows progression of disease or prevents complications

Answer 3

maintenance

Question 4

examples of maintenance

Answer 4

Anti-hypertensives, oral anti-diabetics

Question 5

replacement for something the body can’t make

Answer 5

supplemental

Question 6

examples of supplemental

Answer 6

Insulin, thyroid hormones

Question 7

doesn’t cure or treat disease, provides comfort

Answer 7

palliative

Question 8

example of palliative

Answer 8

narcotic analgesics

Question 9

maintain a patient’s health after illness or trauma

Answer 9

supportive

Question 10

examples of supportive

Answer 10

IV fluids, blood products

Question 11

prevent a disease

Answer 11

Prophylactic

Question 12

Examples of Prophylactic

Answer 12

Vaccines, anti-coagulants

Question 13

based on clinical judgement of prescriber prior to full data being available

Answer 13

empirical

Question 14

examples of empirical

Answer 14

• Broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to lab tests
• off-label uses

Question 15

drugs such as alcohol and cannabis are used by some patients

Answer 15

recreational

Question 16

What are Pharmaceutics?

Answer 16

Def. the format of medication.
- One route may have different formats.
- Includes combination forms of medications

Question 17

applied directly to target location

Answer 17

Local action

Question 18

What is the difference between PO and parenteral medications?

Answer 18

PO: relies on GI system to break down medication to be absorbed prior to distribution

Parenteral: bypasses GI system to distribute throughout body

Question 19

Medication distributed through blood or lymph circulation

Answer 19

Systemic action

Question 20

What the drug does to the body is referred to as?

Answer 20

Pharmacodynamics

Relationship between the concentration of a medication and its action

Question 21

In what 3 ways can drugs increase or inhibit a physiological effect?

Answer 21

• receptor interactions
• enzyme interactions
• non-selective interactions

Question 22

Receptors are ___________?

Answer 22

interactive sites on the surface of or inside the cell

Question 23

________ is how well the medication binds to a receptor

Answer 23

affinity

Question 24

What happens the more the affinity?

Answer 24

The stronger the response

Question 25

What do agonists do?

Answer 25

Agonists elicit a response

Question 26

What do antagonists do?

Answer 26

Antagonists inhibit a response

Question 27

what are enzyme interactions?

Answer 27

Occur when drug molecule binds to an enzyme. Can increase the action of an enzyme or block it.

Question 28

enzyme interactions are __________ because they target a particular enzyme

Answer 28

selective interactions

Question 29

Medications with _________________________ don’t target enzymes or receptors, they interact with cell membranes/walls or with particular processes

Answer 29

Non-selective interactions

Question 30

Define Toxicology

Answer 30

pertains to the adverse effects of substances on living systems

Question 31

Define Tolerance

Answer 31

decreasing response to drug dose

Question 32

Define Dependence

Answer 32

can by physiological or psychological

Question 33

More complex form of dependence, influenced by many psychosocial factors is ____________

Answer 33

addiction

Question 34

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 34

What the body does to a drug.

Question 35

4 types of pharmacokinetics

Answer 35

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 36

what is Absorption?

Answer 36

how the medication enters the body

Question 37

what is bioavailability?

Answer 37

Extent of absorption

Question 38

What factors will affect bioavailability in PO?

Answer 38

- food in GI tract - other medications - sepsis - exercise - bariatric surgery these will decrease absorption

Question 39

What factor will affect bioavailability in IM/SC?

Answer 39

Heat can increase absorption

Question 40

What medications are 100% bioavailable?

Answer 40

IV fluid

Question 41

What is first-pass effect?

Answer 41

Drugs absorbed via GI tract altered by liver prior to absorption in the intestines

Question 42

How does first-pass effect affect bioavailability?

Answer 42

Reduces bioavailability, sometimes significantly

Question 43

Define distribution

Answer 43

how the drug moves through the body

Question 44

Distribution is fastest at _______ ?

Answer 44

highly vascular areas Binds to plasma proteins such as albumin

Question 45

is bound or unbound are pharmacologically active ?

Answer 45

unbound

Question 46

When two drugs compete for binding sites, its called ________

Answer 46

drug-drug interactions

Question 47

1+1=2 is classified as an _______

Answer 47

additive

Question 48

1+1=3 is classified as ________

Answer 48

synergistic

Question 49

1+1=less than 2 is classified as _________

Answer 49

antagonistic

Question 50

Example of sites that are difficult for medications to reach

Answer 50

blood-brain barrier

Question 51

What is teratogenic?

Answer 51

harmful to fetus

Question 52

What is metabolism?

Answer 52

refers to the chemical reactions which occur in the body

Question 53

______________ is how the chemistry of a medication is altered as it passes through the body

Answer 53

Biotransformation