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Pharmacology 1 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics and other terms

1
Q

Otherwise known as therapeutics

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

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2
Q

What does pharmacotherapeutics include?

A
  • prescription
  • over-the-counter (OTC) - - off-label prescriptions
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2
Q

sustain life or treat disease

A

acute treatment

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2
Q

Examples of pharmacotherapeutics (8)

A
  • acute treatment
  • maintenance
  • supplemental
  • palliative
  • supportive
  • prophylactic
  • empirical
  • recreational
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3
Q

examples of acute treatment

A

Chemotherapy, medications for shock

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3
Q

doesn’t cure, but slows progression of disease or prevents complications

A

maintenance

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4
Q

examples of maintenance

A

Anti-hypertensives, oral anti-diabetics

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5
Q

replacement for something the body can’t make

A

supplemental

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6
Q

examples of supplemental

A

Insulin, thyroid hormones

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7
Q

doesn’t cure or treat disease, provides comfort

A

palliative

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8
Q

example of palliative

A

narcotic analgesics

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9
Q

maintain a patient’s health after illness or trauma

A

supportive

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10
Q

examples of supportive

A

IV fluids, blood products

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11
Q

prevent a disease

A

Prophylactic

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12
Q

Examples of Prophylactic

A

Vaccines, anti-coagulants

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13
Q

based on clinical judgement of prescriber prior to full data being available

A

empirical

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14
Q

examples of empirical

A
  • Broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to lab tests
  • off-label uses
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15
Q

drugs such as alcohol and cannabis are used by some patients

A

recreational

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16
Q

What are Pharmaceutics?

A

Def. the format of medication.
- One route may have different formats.
- Includes combination forms of medications

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17
Q

applied directly to target location

A

Local action

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18
Q

What is the difference between PO and parenteral medications?

A

PO: relies on GI system to break down medication to be absorbed prior to distribution

Parenteral: bypasses GI system to distribute throughout body

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19
Q

Medication distributed through blood or lymph circulation

A

Systemic action

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20
Q

What the drug does to the body is referred to as?

A

Pharmacodynamics

Relationship between the concentration of a medication and its action

21
Q

In what 3 ways can drugs increase or inhibit a physiological effect?

A
  • receptor interactions
  • enzyme interactions
  • non-selective interactions
22
Q

Receptors are ___________?

A

interactive sites on the surface of or inside the cell

23
Q

________ is how well the medication binds to a receptor

A

affinity

24
Q

What happens the more the affinity?

A

The stronger the response

25
Q

What do agonists do?

A

Agonists elicit a response

26
Q

What do antagonists do?

A

Antagonists inhibit a response

27
Q

what are enzyme interactions?

A

Occur when drug molecule binds to an enzyme.

Can increase the action of an enzyme or block it.

28
Q

enzyme interactions are __________ because they target a particular enzyme

A

selective interactions

29
Q

Medications with _________________________ don’t target enzymes or receptors, they interact with cell membranes/walls or with particular processes

A

Non-selective interactions

30
Q

Define Toxicology

A

pertains to the adverse effects of substances on living systems

31
Q

Define Tolerance

A

decreasing response to drug dose

32
Q

Define Dependence

A

can by physiological or psychological

33
Q

More complex form of dependence, influenced by many psychosocial factors is ____________

A

addiction

34
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

What the body does to a drug.

35
Q

4 types of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

36
Q

what is Absorption?

A

how the medication enters the body

37
Q

what is bioavailability?

A

Extent of absorption

38
Q

What factors will affect bioavailability in PO?

A
  • food in GI tract
  • other medications
  • sepsis
  • exercise
  • bariatric surgery

these will decrease absorption

39
Q

What factor will affect bioavailability in IM/SC?

A

Heat can increase absorption

40
Q

What medications are 100% bioavailable?

A

IV fluid

41
Q

What is first-pass effect?

A

Drugs absorbed via GI tract altered by liver prior to absorption in the intestines

42
Q

How does first-pass effect affect bioavailability?

A

Reduces bioavailability, sometimes significantly

43
Q

Define distribution

A

how the drug moves through the body

44
Q

Distribution is fastest at _______ ?

A

highly vascular areas

Binds to plasma proteins such as albumin

45
Q

is bound or unbound are pharmacologically active ?

A

unbound

46
Q

When two drugs compete for binding sites, its called ________

A

drug-drug interactions

47
Q

1+1=2 is classified as an _______

A

additive

48
Q

1+1=3 is classified as ________

A

synergistic

49
Q

1+1=less than 2 is classified as _________

A

antagonistic

50
Q

Example of sites that are difficult for medications to reach

A

blood-brain barrier

51
Q

What is teratogenic?

A

harmful to fetus

52
Q

What is metabolism?

A

refers to the chemical reactions which occur in the body

53
Q

______________ is how the chemistry of a medication is altered as it passes through the body

A

Biotransformation

54
Q
A

Pharmacology 1 (3 decks)

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