week 7

Question 1

basis of central place theory christaller

Answer 1

germany 1983 - 1969
neoclassical location theory

based on simplyfying assumptions about the land population similar to von thunens
deductive reasoning

Question 2

what area was studied under central place theory

Answer 2

the locations of urban centres in southern Germany

regularity of urban centres led to pattern recognition

why?
is there a rule determining their size, number, pattern?

Question 3

what is central place theory simplyfying assumption about land

Answer 3

isotropic plain

flat surfce
movement in all directions
no barriers
resources distributed evenly
single transport system

Question 4

what is central place theory simplyfying assumption about population

Answer 4

residents distributed evenly

identical income, taste, demand

rational economic subjects

have perfect knowledge

Question 5

what are the further assumptions of central place theory

Answer 5

transportation costs covered by consumers

many producers selling identical products

there are economies of scale for producers

further a consumer is located from the producer, the higher the cost of that product

Question 6

central place theory: range

Answer 6

max distance a consumer is willing to travel for a product at the marketplace

Question 7

central place theory: threshold

Answer 7

the minimum level of demand that allows a producer to obtain a minimum profit: to stay in business

Question 8

what does the difference between range and threshold define?

what ring is on inside and which is on outside?

Answer 8

it defines the profit for the producer

threshold on inside and range on outside

Question 9

assumptions of spatial arangement of range and threshold

Answer 9

as long as there is profit
other firms will enter
they will take available profit
fill the available pace
profit space

this happens until no more profit can be obtained

Question 10

describe spatial arrangement for range and threshold

Answer 10

producer locates randomly

more profit = more firms enter

producers forced into optimal arrangements

allowing everyone to make profit

producers get pushed closer together

begins to overlap and erode each others profit

creates efficient producer arrangement

network of hexagons forms leaving no margin for extra profit

left with an efficient network of producers i.e,.. central places

Question 11

describe central place theory rank

Answer 11

the range varies according to the product or service

the threshold varies according to the prodcut or service

products with higher range tend to have higher threshold

the greater the range and threshold the higher the hierarchical position of the product

Question 12

what does the rank of a good define

Answer 12

defines the rank of its central placewhat

Question 13

what is the function of a central place

Answer 13

to provides its surrounding population with goods and services

the rank corresponds to the highest ranking good it supplies

any place of higher ranking also has teh same things as a smaller place

rank = dimension relationships

Question 14

describe spatial arrangement of rank and regional systems

Answer 14

efficient networks of producers will form for each product according to their ranges and thresholds

provocatve, critical views
association with nazi regime
evil tool of colonization

Question 15

do networks of urban places, positioned according to central place theory exist in reality?

Answer 15

yes there is lots of examples of these urban centres following the urban design of central place theory
ex. health services albert map

Question 16

webers industrial location theory localized resources

Answer 16

resources are distributed randomly
resource location is a major factor for mobility
resource location strongly affects economic problems

Question 17

localized resources direct and indirect attraction

Answer 17

direct: food, water, access, wealth (people tend to locate where the resources are)

indirect attraction:
production location
production tends to locate where people and resources are
clustering of settlements, production centers

Question 18

alfred weber industrial location theory

Answer 18

what is the optimal location for a manufacturing industry, given that resources are not uniformly located

retains assumptions on landbut releases assumptions on ubiquitous resources

retains the implicit assumption of economies of scale

Question 19

what are ubiquitous

Answer 19

raw materials, energy, labour and other resources are assumed to be available only at certain locations

Question 20

alfred weber industrial theory transportation costs

Answer 20

transportation costs are a function of weight of raw materials and final product, and distances from source of raw materials, and final markets

Question 21

what is an index of cost

Answer 21

defined by a ton-mile
applicable to production factors and final product.

ton-mile allows for the formulation of the locational problem as minimization of the total ton-mileage

the minimization must address both production and distribution

Question 22

do ubiquitous materials exert no location force (attraction)

Answer 22

NAR

Question 23

localized materials exert….

Answer 23

a specific influence on location depending on weight ratio

Question 24

what are pure localized materials

Answer 24

entire weight of raw material is retained in the final product

Question 25

what are gross localized materials

Answer 25

a weight loss occurs in the manufacturing process

Question 26

describe the material index (MI)

Answer 26

MI: locational indicator defining material vs. market orientated industries

MI > 1 = gross (locate near material site)
MI < 1 = pure (locate near market)
MI = 1 = indifferent (dont care)