Week 7 Flashcards
What is the appropriate age at which pharm tx is recommended or consided for in children with ADHD
6 years and older
In children with ADHD
1. dopamine decreases (distraction/focus) in prefrontal cortex
2. NE increases (distraction/focus) in prefrontal cortex
- distraction
- focus
Stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, dexmethylphenidate)
1. MOA
2. Used for what disorder?
- Increase catecholamines (dopamine, NE) in the synaptic cleft by blocking reuptake or increasing amount released into synapse
- ADHD
Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, amphetamine, dexmethylphenidate
1. What kind of drug are these?
2. In what situation is this used?
3. side effects
- stimulant
- ADHD
- Nervousness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia, hypertension, weight loss, tics,
bruxism.
Atomoxetine
1. What kind of drug is this
2. What disorder is this used in?
3. MOA
4. side effects
- non-stimulant medication
- for ADHD
- inhibits reuptake of NOREPINEPHRINE
- dry mouth, sleep problems, anxiety, fatigue, etc
Clonidine, Guanfacine
1. What kind of drugs are these?
2. What disorder are these used in?
3. MOA?
- non-stimulant medications
- ADHD
- alpha 2 agonists - this agonism acts like norepinephrine
What is the preferential drug category that is 1st line therapy for ADHD?
- stimulant drugs
- What are the main hormones of attachment? (2)
- Where are they synthesized?
- oxytocin and vasopressin
- Hypothalamus
How do individuals most like endure/prolong bonds?
- start with dopamine and pleasure centers
- Propagated with oxytocin (bonding hormone) and vasopressin (increases prosocial behavior, particularly in males)
What are the 3 ways that oxytocin and vasopressin are circulated?
can act as hormones and NT
- How do you dx intellectual disabilities
- What are some warnings against dx
- IQ test and assessment of adaptive functioning
- Careful to dx very young children because may be too early to do so
What is the difference between language and speech disorders?
- Language has to do with vocabulary and grammar
- Speech has to do with sound of words
what is childhood onset fluency disorder?
stuttering, reptitions, or prolongation of sounds or syllables
what is social pragmatic communication disorder?
- pragmatic use of language is not understood by a person
- Pragmatics focuses on conversational implicatures—or that which a speaker implies and which a listener infers.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
1. At what ages are children screened
2. What screening test is used?
3. What typical tx is given to autistic children/adults
- at 9 and 18 months (more common in males - and overal more severe ASD at times)
- M-CHAT (screening does not equal dx)
- Behavioral management (shaping behavior)
What dx criteria is needed for ASD dx? (4)
- deficits in social interactions in multiple settings
- restricted, repetitive patterns (unwavering adherence to routines)
- Sx must impair function
- sx present in early development
ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder)
1. more common in which sex and what age range
2. Dx criteria (6)
- males 6-12 years old
- frequent hyperactivity/impulsivity/poor impulse control
- present in more than one setting
- for at least 6 months
- present before age of 12
- impairs social/school functioning
- excessive for developmental level of the child
ADHD
1. Common co-morbidities
2. Affect to intelligence
- depression, tourette’s, oppositional defiant disorder
- normal intelligence
Rett syndrome
1. more common in which sex
2. inheritence pattern
3. sx (5)
- only occurs in females
- X linked dominant gene mutation in MECP2
- initially pts show normal development but then at 1-2 years they show regression of congitive/motor skills
- deceleration of head growth
- loss of motor, intellectual, speech abilities
- loss of balance (ataxia)
- repetitive hand movements
Tourette Syndrome
1. what age range is this first seen in
2. hallmark sx
3. co-morbid disorders?
- children
- recurrent tics (motor or speech)
- ADHD or OCD
Dx criteria for Tourette syndrome (3)
- tics for at least ONE YEAR
- onset before 18
- multiple motor tics and one or more phonic tics that occur many times a day
*coprolalia - when phonic tics include obscene language
Disruptive Disorder (DMDD)
1. presentation (3)
2. must occur before what age
3. common in what sex?
- persistant irritable or angy behavior, frequent temper outburts (at least 3 a week and in at least 2 settings), behavior out of proportion to situation
- age of 10
- males
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
1. what are some presentations/sx (8)
2. How many do you need for dx and for how long
- often loses temper
- often touchy or easily annoyed
- often angry
- often argues
- actively defies authority figures
- deliberately annoys others
- Blames others for their own mistakes
- spiteful and vindictive attitude
-> 4 sx for at least 6 months (individuals cannot be siblings)
Treatment of ODD
- Parent management training
- family therapy
- therapy in general