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Exam revision EAE semster 1 > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are monsoons?

A

seasonal rain and wind pattern that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas

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2
Q

Why do monsoons exist?

A

Land responds to seasonal changes in solar radiation faster than the ocean does.

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of summer in a monsoon area?

A

high rainfall on land
more solar radiation
An area of low pressure at the land surface

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4
Q

Why does it rain during summer in a monsoon?

A

• Air warms above the land and rises
• An area of low pressure occurs at the land surface
• Air from above the ocean moves in, bringing water vapour that condenses and falls as
rain

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5
Q

What is a monsoon circulation pattern similar to?

A

sea breeze circulation

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of winter in a monsoon area?

A

Land receives little rain and is very dry

Solar radiation is weak

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7
Q

Why is it dry during winter in a monsoon?

A

The land cools more quickly than the ocean
• Air over the land cools rapidly, becoming denser and sinking
• Downward and outward movement of cold, dry air from the land to the sea

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8
Q

What are monsoons a result of and what do they lead to?

A

Ø Monsoons are the result of seasonal changes in insolation

ØLead to large seasonal changes in climate

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9
Q

Why are monsoons stronger in northern hemisphere?

A

larger land masses

higher elevation

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10
Q

What is the Orbital monsoon hypothesis?

A

orbital changes in summer and winter insolation

drive past changes in the strength of the monsoon

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11
Q

What happens to the monsoon if summer insolation is stronger?

A

less winter insolation

strengthened monsoon with drier winters and wetter summers

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12
Q

What happens if summer insolation is weaker than today?

A

Weakened wet summer monsoon, weakened dry winter monsoon

> Less rainfall

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13
Q

What has a dominant impact in annual rainfall in a monsoon system?

A

Orbital scale changes in summer insolation have the

dominant impact on annual rainfall

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14
Q

What was the african summer Monsoon like in the past?

A

higher summer insolation
Monsoon intensified and expanded northward
known as ‘Green Sahara’ periods

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15
Q

What cycle does the green sahara work on?

A

Sahara turns green in perihelion

Precession’s 23,000 year cycle

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16
Q

What proxies can be used to observe monsoons?

A

Speleothems

diatom from extinct lakes

17
Q

What is Eccentricity?

A

orbital shape

18
Q

What is Obliquity?

A

axial tilt

19
Q

What is Precession

A

position of the equinoxes within the orbit

20
Q

What time scales do glacial-interglacial cycles have?

A

41,000 and then ~100,000 kyr time scales

Exam revision EAE semster 1 (17 decks)

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