week 7

Question 1

Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 1

1) function
2) protection
3) system of levers with the muscle to move the body
4) storage(lipids, minerals, calcium)
5) blood cells form in the red bone marrow

Question 2

Two main divisions of the Skeleton

Answer 2

Axial and Appendicular

Question 3

Axial Skeleton

Answer 3

the bones that lie around the body’s center of gravity

Question 4

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 4

the bones of the limbs or appendages

Question 5

Main types of Cartilages

Answer 5

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartialge

Question 6

What DONT cartilages have

Answer 6

nerves or blood vessels

Question 7

Cartilages ARE

Answer 7

surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue named pericondrium

Question 8

Hyaline

Answer 8

mostly in the embryo and replaced by bone is adults,most common in the body

Question 9

Location of Hyaline

Answer 9

articular (cover the ends of most bones at movable joints), coastal (connects the ribs to the sternum), respiratory (found in the larynx, nasal (support the external nose)

Question 10

Elastic

Answer 10

provides flexibility

Question 11

Location of Elastic

Answer 11

external ear, epiglottis (the guardian of the airway)

Question 12

Fibrocartilage

Answer 12

Strength and shock absorption

Question 13

Location of Fibrocartilage

Answer 13

intervertebral discs between the vertebrae, menisci between knee joints, pubic symphysis (where the hip bones join anteriorly)

Question 14

How are bones classified

Answer 14

shape/ texture or sesamoid and sutural

Question 15

Types of bone shapes

Answer 15

long/short/ flat/irregular

Question 16

Long Bone

Answer 16

such as a the femur and phalanges are much longer and wide generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either ends

Question 17

Short Bones

Answer 17

are typically cubes, and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone ex. tarsals and carpals

Question 18

Flat Bones

Answer 18

are generally thin with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker later of spongy bone between them

Question 19

Irregular Bones

Answer 19

bones that do not fall into one of the other categories ex. the vertebrae

Question 20

Sesamoid

Answer 20

special types of short bones

Question 21

Sutural

Answer 21

tiny bones between cranial bones

Question 22

Chemical composition of bone

Answer 22

1) calcium salts confer hardness

2) the matrix (collagen fibers) confer flexibity

Question 23

What makes up the central canal

Answer 23

nerve/vein/artery

Question 24

Ossification

Answer 24

bone formation and growth in length

Question 25

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 25

all bones below the skull with this process

Question 26

Steps of Endochondral Ossification

Answer 26

1) blood vessels invade the perichondrium covering the hyaline cartilage and convert it to the periosteum
2) Osteoblasts secrete bone matrix and form a bone collar
3) classification of the cartilage in the shaft center
4) formation of the peristeal bud

Question 27

Osteoblasts

Answer 27

build bone mass

Question 28

Osteoclasts

Answer 28

remove bone mass