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systems - week 6 pt 2 > Week 6 Pt 2 > Flashcards

Week 6 Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many neurons in the human gastrointestinal tract?

A

100 million neurons

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2
Q

How many extrinsic nerve endings?

A

100,000

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3
Q

How many microbes in the human gastrointestinal tract?

A

40 trillion

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4
Q

How many different microbial species?

A

100

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5
Q

What is the percentage of body immune cells?

A

70-80%

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6
Q

What kind of communication occurs between brain and enteric nervous system?

A

Bi-directional

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7
Q

What are some examples of communication including the brain?

A

Brain and spinal cord
Brain and ENS
Brain and ANS
Brain and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

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8
Q

What is the gut connected to?

A

Primitive part of the brain

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9
Q

What is the human gut seen as?

A

A repository of good and bad feelings

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10
Q

What is the corticolimbic system consists of?

A

Prefrontal cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampus

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11
Q

What is orexigenic?

A

Appetite stimulant

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12
Q

What are examples of orexigenic?

A

Central - NPY, AgRP

Peripheral - Ghrelin, GIP

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13
Q

What is NPY?

A

Neuropeptide Y

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14
Q

What is AgRP?

A

Agouti-related peptide

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15
Q

What is GIP?

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

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16
Q

What is Anorexigenic?

A

Loss of appetite

17
Q

What are examples of a orexigenic?

A

Central - POMC, CART

Peripheral - GLP-1, PP, Amylin, insulin, CCK, PYY, Leptin

18
Q

What is POMC?

A

Pro-opiomelanocortin

19
Q

What is CART?

A

Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript

20
Q

What is PP?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

21
Q

What is CCK?

A

Cholecystokinin

22
Q

What is PYY?

A

Peptide YY

23
Q

What are examples of energy intake?

A

Hunger
Satiety
Nutrient absorption

24
Q

What are examples of energy expenditure?

A

Metabolic rate (REE)
Thermogenesis
Activity (NREE)

25
Q

What does the brain gut axis control?

A

Food intake and appetite

26
Q

What is homeostatic signal?

A

Eating due to energy depletion

27
Q

What is non-homeostatic signal?

A

Eating purely a cognitive function

28
Q

What does the gut brain axis consist of?

A

Hypothalamus
Brainstem
Corticolimbic system

29
Q

What receives gut hormone signal via median eminence and area postrema?

A

Hypothalamus

Brainstem

30
Q

What does the corticolimbic system process?

A

Hedonistic
Environmental
Social
Taste influences

31
Q

What converges directly and indirectly with the hypothalamus to form a communication network?

A 
Gut
Pancreas
Liver 
Adipose tissue 
Brainstem
32
Q

What is the central control of apetite?

A

Hypothalamus

33
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Integrate the peripheral signals and modulate apetite

34
Q

What is the main nuclei regulating apetite?

A

Arcuate nucleus

systems - week 6 pt 2 (1 decks)

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