Week 6 pharmaceutical calculations 1

Question 1

One tablet, eye drop etc…

Answer 1

i

Question 2

Two tablets, eye drops etc…

Answer 2

ii

Question 3

Three tablets, eye drops etc…

Answer 3

iii

Question 4

Morning

Answer 4

om, mane, am

Question 5

Night / evening

Answer 5

on, nocte, pm

Question 6

When required / if nessecary

Answer 6

prn, sos

Question 7

As directed / use as directed

Answer 7

mdu, ud

Question 8

Once daily

Answer 8

od, q1d

Question 9

Twice a day

Answer 9

bd, bds, bid

Question 10

Three times a day

Answer 10

tds, tid

Question 11

Four times a day

Answer 11

qds, qid

Question 12

On alternate days

Answer 12

qod, altd

Question 13

Hourly

Answer 13

qh, q1h

Question 14

Every two hours

Answer 14

q2h

Question 15

Every four hours

Answer 15

q4h or qqh

Question 16

Every twelve hours

Answer 16

q12h

Question 17

Immediately

Answer 17

stat.

Question 18

To be used as directed

Answer 18

mdu

Question 19

Total quantity

Answer 19

mitt., mitte, send

Question 20

Weight

Answer 20

-1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
-1g = 1000 milligrams (mg)
-1mg = 1000 micrograms (mcg or μg)
-1mcg = 1000 nanograms (ng)

Question 21

Volume

Answer 21

-1 litre (l) = 1000 millilitres (ml)
-1ml = 1000 microlitres (μl)

Question 22

Strength of pharmaceutical preparations

Answer 22

In general, the physical nature of the ingredients will determine how the strength of a preparation is expressed.

Question 23

Solid dosage forms

Answer 23

g / mg / micrograms

Question 24

Non - solid dosage forms, oral liquids

Answer 24

For oral liquids, most commonly:
milligrams per x ml e.g., 100mg/5ml

Question 25

Non - solid dosage forms

Answer 25

%, expressed in quantity per quantity
e.g.,
concentration in % = mass / volume

Question 26

% w/v

Answer 26

Weight in volume, g per 100ml

Question 27

% w/w

Answer 27

Weight in weight, g per 100g

Question 28

% v/v

Answer 28

Volume in volume, ml per 100ml

Question 29

Pharmacoepias

Answer 29

Parts per million, ppm
e.g., 1ppm contains 1 part of solute per 1,000,000 parts of solution

Question 30

Non - solid dosage forms, ratios

Answer 30

Where strengths are given as ratios, this means g per number of ml
e.g., 1:1000 means 1g per 1000ml

Question 31

Making products to formulae

Answer 31

Sometimes formulae and dilutions are expressed as “parts”

Question 32

“parts”

Answer 32

-calamine powder 1 part
-aqueous cream 10 parts
Equivalent to:
1g
10g
Total: 11g and (1g/11g) x 100% = 9.09% w/w

Question 33

“to parts”

Answer 33

alamine powder 1 part
aqueous cream
to 10 parts
Equivalent to:
1g
9g
Total: 10g and (1g/10g) x 100% = 10% w/w