Week 6 Pharm Flashcards
What do antacids do (Magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate)?
Weak bases, react with protons in the lumun of the stomach to neutralize stomach acid; treats Occassional heartburn symptoms
Which antacid is commonly used to treat occasional heartburn symptoms?
Calcium carbonate
What are the side effects of magnesium hydroxide?
Minimal with typical doses - diarrhea, hypermagnesemia
What are the side effects of aluminum hydroxide?
Minimal with typical doses - constipation, hypophosphatemia
What are the side effects of calcium carbonate?
Minimal with typical doses - constipation, belching, acid rebound, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia
Milk-alkali syndrome
-Historically occurred when antacids were administered with large amounts of milk
-Now not usually caused by milk, but by excessive calcium supplementation
-Causes hypercalcemia, metabolic acidosis, and acute kidney injury
What are the side effects of sodium bicarbonate?
Minimal with typical doses - belching
What do the histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA), Famotidine and Nizatidine, do?
Competitive inhibition of gastric parietal cell H2 receptors; treats occasional heartburn symptoms, may be useful for nighttime reflux in addition to a PPI, tolerance may develop after several weeks of regular use
What are the side effects of Famotidine and Nizatidine?
Minimal - diarrhea, constipation
What does the Histamine-2-receptor antagonist (H2RA), Cimetidine, do?
Competitive inhibition of gastric parietal cell H2 receptors; treats occasional heartburn symptoms, generally avoided due to drug interactions and ADRs
What are the side effects of Cimetidine?
diarrhea, constipation, gynecomastia, impotence, galactorrhea
Which Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RA) is commonly used to treat occasional heartburn symptoms?
Famotidine
What do Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) do (Omeprazole, Dexlansoprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole)?
Irreversibly inactivate parietal cell proton pumps; treats GERD, erosive esophagitis, PUD, prevention of NSAID-induced PUD, part of the regimen for H. pylori treatment
What are the side effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) (Omeprazole, Dexlansoprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole)?
Headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain
What PPI is most commonly used for GERD, erosive esophagitis, PUD, part of H. pylori treatment, and prevention of NSAID-induced PUD?
Omeprazole
What does Sucralfate (a mucosal protective agents) do?
Forms a viscous paste in acidic solutions that binds selectively to ulcers or erosions, stimulates mucosal prostaglandin and bicarbonate secretion; treats Duodenal ulcer treatment, less effective than PPIs
What are the side effects of Sucralfate?
Constipation
What do Bismuth compounds (a mucosal protective agents) do?
Coat ulcers and erosions, may stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion; treats diarrhea, dyspepsia, part of H. pylori quadruple therapy treatment regimen
What are the side effects of bismuth compounds?
Black stool and tongue, constipation
What does Vonoprazan (a potassium-competitive acid inhibitors (PCABs)) do?
Competes for potassium on the luminal side of the parietal cell and causes rapid and reversible inhibition of parietal cell proton pumps; treats erosive esophagitis, part of the regimen for H. pylori treatment
What are the side effects of Vonoprazan?
Diarrhea, abdominal pain
What are the parts of H. pylori treatment?
PPI + antibiotics
PPI + bismuth subsalicylate + antibiotics PCAB + antibiotics
Usually only 3-4 medications
