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CPR II > Week 6 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Week 6 (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Black box warning for Isoniazid

A

Fatal Hepatitis

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2
Q

Anti-cholinergic drugs for bronchospasm

A

Atropine: temporary blockade
Ipratropium: Maintenance of asthma
Tiotropium: Long term maintenance
Aclidinium: Long term maintenance

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3
Q

Drug interactions of Peramivir

A

Live Flu Vaccine

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4
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitor
Selective and Competitive to D4 and E4 (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis)
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
Causes Hepatotoxicity

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5
Q

Tamiflu and the Flu Vaccine

A

Don’t give live flu vaccine (intranasal) within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after Tamiflu is given (it can interfere with the vaccines effectiveness)

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6
Q

Ciclesonide

A

ICS
Maintenance treatment for asthma prophylaxis over 12
Not indicated for acute bronchospasm, candida

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7
Q

Black Box Warnings associated with Micafungin

A

Altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular tumors after a treatment period of or above 3 months in rats
(this is in Europe, not US)

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8
Q

Beclomethason

A 
Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)
Deadly Adrenal insufficiency can happen when transferred onto it
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9
Q

Neuraminidase Inhibitor MOA

A

Completely inhibit viral neuraminidase enzymes
Prevents viral reproduction by budding from host cell
(the enzyme cleaves Sialic Acid on Glycoproteins on the surface of human cells that helps new visions to exit)

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10
Q

Flucytosine Combo

A

Usually with Liposomal Amphotericin B for Cryptococcal meningitis

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11
Q

Indications for methotrexate

A

Neoplastic Disease
Psoriasis
RA
Interstitial Lung Dz

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12
Q

Warnings and precautions of Amantadine

A

OD causes all kinds of toxicities
Cardiac Dysfunction
Don’t immediately discontinue if you have Parkinson’s
Suicide attempts, exacerbation of mental problems
History of Epilepsy, increased seizures
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Renal Disease (accumulates in plasma w/ decreased fxn)
Parkinsons have increased changes of Melanoma

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13
Q

Metabolism of Voriconazole

A

Interaction w/ CYP2C19 (and CYP2C9, CYP3A4)

Needs dose adaptation for cases of Renal Impairment

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14
Q

Peramivir MOA

A

IV Neuraminidase Inhibitor

Treats patients 18+ symptomatic no more than 2 days

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15
Q

Who should take Baloxavir?

A

People 12+ and symptomatic no more than 2 days

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16
Q

Fluconazole MOA

A

Interrupts conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

Via binding to fungal CYP450, membrane disruption

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17
Q

Black Box warning associated with Azathioprine

A

Malignancy

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18
Q

Nintedanib

A

Kinase inhibitor for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Co-Administration of P-gp and CYP3A4 may increase Nintedanib exposure

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19
Q

Adverse Effects of Amphotericin B

A

CNS (headache chills fever)
Nephrotoxic (esp. deoxycholate version)
Exercise Caution (OD causes cardiac arrest)

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20
Q

MOA of Baloxavir

A

Polymerase Acidic Endonuclease Inhibitor (inhibits virus mRNA replication, transcription)
Treats Acute Uncomplicated Influenza

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21
Q

Prednisone

A

OCS, anti-inflammatory
Also used for certain endocrine conditions
May lead to HPA suppression

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22
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Treats airway obstructions (asthma, emphysema, CB)

Theophylline, Theobromine (in chocolate), Caffeine

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23
Q

Dosing of Atropine and CAD

A

2 - 3mg total

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24
Q

Methylxanthine MOA

A

SM relaxation

Suppression of response of the airway to stimulus

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25
Q

Echinocandins

A

Cyclic Lipopeptides with N-Linked Acyl Lipid side chain

Capsofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin

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26
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

Treats Influenza A and B if given within 48 Hours
Prophylaxis
Neuraminidase Inhibitor

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27
Q

When to take Zanamivir

A

Dont do vaccine within two weeks before or 48 hours after using this medicine
Does not prevent a bacterial infection that starts flu-like

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28
Q

Fluticasone

A

ICS

Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 4

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29
Q

Budesonide

A

ICS
Maintenance treatment for asthma prophylaxis over 6
Milk protein and status asthmaticus is contraindicated

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30
Q

Adverse Effects of Voriconazole

A

Visual Disturbances, Fever, Etc Both adults and kids

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31
Q

Indacaterol and Vilanterol

A

LABA

Used to treat breathing problems from COPD

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32
Q

How does Amantadine work?

A

We don’t know, but it does increase DA
Interferes with function of transmembrane domain of viral M2 protein
Thats why it treats Parkinsons and the flu

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33
Q

Why avoid Peramivir during pregnancy?

A

Can cause fetal reduced renal papilla and dilated ureters

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34
Q

Who is Tamiflu not recommended for?

A

Patients with End Stage Renal Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease
Younger than 2 weeks old, or prevent in <1 year old

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35
Q

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitor
Inhibits LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor without agonist activity
Treats Allergies and prevents asthma attacks

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36
Q

ICS MOA

A

Reduces inflammation by switching off transcription of multiple genes
Reduces eosinophils and T lymphocytes and Mast Cells

37
Q

Zileuton

A

Controlled release only
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (B/C/D/E-4)
Prophylaxis and chronic asthma, NOT for acute attack
Not for active liver disease w/ enzymes 3x normal

38
Q

Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptors

A

Antagonized by Zafirlukast and Montelukast
Orally taken bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory
Potentiate Corticosteroid action

39
Q

Warnings associated with Fluconazole

A

Liver Dysfunction
Potential Fetal Harm, Birth Defects
QT prolongation / torsade (inhibits Rectifier K Channel, esp bad in its with hypokalemia and other risks)
Geriatric Kidney Problems

40
Q

Black box warnings with Flucytosine

A

Renal impairment caution
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Bone marrow depression

41
Q

Indications for Amphotericin B

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

42
Q

Indications for Voriconazole

A

Invasive Aspergillosis
Deep tissue Candida Infections, Esophageal Candidiasis
Scedosporium Apiospermum and Fusarium

43
Q

Indication for Streptomycin

A

Pulmonary Tb

Non-Tb limited infections

44
Q

Half life of Amantadine

A

Range from 10 to 14 hours

Renal function impairment can make it 7-10 days

45
Q

Zanamivir

A

Inhales, Reduces flu by 1.5 days if started within 48 hours

46
Q

Amphoticerin B and Muscle Relaxants / Digitalis Glycosides

A

Hyperkalemia exaggeration

47
Q

Warnings associated with Itraconazole

A

Sx of Liver Disease: N/V, anorexia, yellowing, dark urine
Black box for Heart Failure (inotropic effects)
Black box for CYP3A4 interactions

48
Q

Contraindications of Voriconazole

A 
Galactose Malabsorption
Lapp Lactase Deficiencey
Glucose Malabsorption
Uncorrected Electrolyte Abnormalities
Pregnancy
49
Q

Most common adverse side effect of Peramivir

A

Diarrhea

Can also cause hallucinations, bacterial infection, hypersensitivity reactions

50
Q

Black box warning for Mycophenolate

A

Embryofetal Toxicity, Malignancies, Serious Infection

51
Q

Contra-Indications of Inhaled Zanamivir

A

Lung disease / breathing problems
History of Seizures
Allergy to lactose or milk proteins

52
Q

Metabolism of Baloxavir

A

UGT1A3

CYP3A4

53
Q

B2 Agonists and Asthma

A 
Relax smooth muscle in airway
Albuteral (SABA)
Terbutaline (SABA, SubQ)
Metaproterenol (SABA, Paradoxical bronchospasm)
Pirbuterol (SABA, CV effects)
Levalbuterol (SABA)
54
Q

AmBisome

A

Amphotericin B intercalated into a liposomal membrane (macrocyclic-polyene-antifungal)

55
Q

Olodaterol

A

LABA

Long-term, Once-daily maintenance bronchodilator

56
Q

Black Box Warnings for Methotrexate

A

Death, Fetal Death, BM suppression, Hepatotoxicity, malignancy, skin reactions

57
Q

Half Life of Amphotericin B

A

Up to 15 days

58
Q

Who shouldn’t take Zanamivir?

A

Children younger than 12

59
Q

Mycophenolate

A

Its an Immunosuppressive Drug for organ rejection but treats interstitial lung disease

60
Q

Indications for Echinocandins

A

IV for Systemic Candida infection

Prophylaxis of Candida in Stem Cell Transplants

61
Q

Black Box Warning for Streptomycin

A

Neurotoxic in patients with impaired renal function or pre renal azotemia

62
Q

Indications of Fluconazole

A

Candida UTI / Peritonitis / Vaginal Candiasis / Thrush / Prophylaxis of candidiasis with BM transplant

63
Q

Contraindications of Ethambutol

A

In patients who report visual side effects
May decrease visual acuity due to optic neuritis
Used to treat Pulmonary Tb

64
Q

Hypersensitivity rxns of Baloxavir

A

Anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, erythema multiforme

65
Q

Amantadine Side Effects

A

Falling asleep, fatigue
Suicidality and depression
Hallucinations / Psychotic Behavior
Withdrawal

66
Q

Why avoid giving Peramivir to kids?

A

Decreased Neutrophil Count, Diarrhea, Vomiting

67
Q

Contraindications of Fluconazole

A

Coadministration of Terfenadine: QT prolongation

Both use CYP3A4

68
Q

Tamiflu Activation

A

Activated by Carboxylesterase 1 Isoenzyme (CES1): converts it to Oseltamivir Carboxylate
Inhibited by Anti-Platelet agent Clopidogrel

69
Q

Echinocandin MOA

A

Inhibit b(1,3)-D-Glucan Synthase: Enzyme for integrity of fungal cell wall

70
Q

Black box warnings of Amphotericin B

A

Only used for life threatening cases

71
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti-IgE Antibody for moderate-severe asthma 6+
Also treats chronic idiopathic urticaria 12+
Can cause life-threatening anaphylaxis

72
Q

Flucytosine MOA

A

Pyrimidine analogue that has activity against fungal species that interferes with purine and pyrimidine metabolism

73
Q

Salmeterol

A

Laba for patients over 4

Maintenance for bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced

74
Q

What does Croup Sound Like?

A

Stridor

75
Q

Isoniazid MOA

A

Inhibits synthesis of Mycolic Acids / Bacterial cell wall

This is used to treat pulmonary Tb

76
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

AR, CFTR, Cl- Channel, Chromosome 7, chronic lung infections, salty, pancreatic insufficiency, test for Immunoreactive Trypsinogen

77
Q

Warnings of Rifampin

A

Liver Toxicity

CYP450 Inducer

78
Q

Fomoterol

A

LABA for patients older than 5 as add-on
Maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in COPD
All LABAs increase risk of asthma related deaths

79
Q

Indications for Azathioprine

A

Adjunct for prevention of rejection in renal transplant
Active RA
Interstitial Lung Dz

80
Q

Mometasone

A

ICS
Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 4
Dont take with milk protein hypersensitivity

81
Q

Indications for Rifampin

A

Treats Pulmonary Tb and the Meningococcal carriers

82
Q

Warnings and precautions of Baloxavir

A

Secondary Bacterial Infections

83
Q

Pregnancy and the flu

A

Give antiviral Oseltamavir or Zanaivir stat!

84
Q

What doses of Amphotericin B do you need to start verifying before giving?

A

Anything above 1.5 mg/kg

85
Q

Flunisolide

A

ICS
Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 6
May reduce or eliminate need for oral corticosteroids

86
Q

MOA of Amphotericin B

A

Binds to the Sterol of a cell membrane leading to alterations in cell permeability and cell death
Also binds to cholesterol component of mammalian cell (Nephtotoxic)

87
Q

Triamcinolone

A

ICS
Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 4
Not for acute bronchospasm, or pt requringing systemic
Deaths due to adrenal insufficiency have occurred

88
Q

Indications for Itraconazole

A

Aspergillus
Dematiaceous molds
Sporothrix Schenckii

89
Q

Contraindications of Pyrazinamide

A

Severe Hepatic Damage
Acute Gout
This drug is used to treat pulmonary Tb

CPR II (8 decks)

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