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NUR 422 Public Health > Week 6: Communicable, Pandemics, Disaster, Risk and Harm > Flashcards

Week 6: Communicable, Pandemics, Disaster, Risk and Harm Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different modes of transmission?

A
  1. Direct (contact, droplet)
  2. Indirect (vehicle, vector, and airborne)
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2
Q

what are the different types of agent?

A

-bacteria
-virus
-fungus
-parasite

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3
Q

define infectivity?

A

the agents ability to enter the host and multiply

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4
Q

define invasiveness

A

the agents ability to spread throughout the host

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5
Q

define pathogenicity

A

ability to cause disease in the host

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6
Q

define virulence

A

a measure of the severity of disease caused by the agent

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7
Q

define toxignenicity

A

ability to produce damaging poison

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8
Q

define antigenicity

A

ability to stimulate an immune response

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9
Q

what is a reservoir?

A

where an agent generally survives, can be inanimate or animate

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10
Q

what is a direct transmission?

A

can only transfer in a distance less than 3 feet

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11
Q

what is contact transmission?

A

direct transfer with very close contact

e.g. STI

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12
Q

what is droplet transmission?

A

expelled large droplets from one person and picked up by another

e.g. flu, RSV, diphtheria

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13
Q

what is vehicle-borne transmission?

A

indirect transmission from animate object (HCP going from room to room), inanimate objects or fomite (shared objects), and food or liquid

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14
Q

what is vector-borne transmission?

A

an indirect transmission usually through mosquitoes

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15
Q

what is airborne transmission?

A

expelled small droplets through things like a cough or sneeze, and can go further and stick around longer

e.g. TB, COVID, chicken pox, common cold

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16
Q

what are the different patterns of transmission?

A

-unidirectional (nonhuman to human)
-vertical (parent to child)
-bidirectional (nonhuman to human to nonhuman)
-horizontal (person to person)
-endogenous (internal source)
-exogenous (external source

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17
Q

what is prevention?

A

reduce or eliminate exposure or susceptibility to a disease

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18
Q

what is control?

A

reduce incidence or prevalence of a disease at one point in time

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19
Q

what is elimination?

A

control of a disease within a specific geographical area

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20
Q

what is eradication?

A

reduce incidence world wide to zero

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21
Q

what is an incidence?

A

number of NEW cases

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22
Q

what is prevalence?

A

number of ALL cases

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23
Q

describe the latent period of infection?

A

period when an infectious agent enters a hose and finds favorable conditions and begins replicating

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24
Q

describe the communicability period of an infection?

A

period when the person is contagious

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25
Q

what is the incubation period of an infection?

A

period between invasion and symptoms

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26
Q

what is a pandemic?

A

when disease growth is exponential an cuts across international boundaries and is unpredictable

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27
Q

what is an epidemic?

A

refers to occurence of disease in a community or region in exccess of normal expectancy

28
Q

what is an endemic?

A

refers to constant presence of a disease within a georgraphic area or population

29
Q

what is examples of medical mistrust?

A

-Black Community (research on black slaved females, stealing cells and used to develop advances in science without consent, syphillis study, racism in general)
-CIA faked a HepB vaccination in Pakistan to steal DNA to find bin Laden’s son

30
Q

what strategies are used to combat medical mistrust?

A

-having diverse physicians
-show authentic representation
-acknowledge racism
-engage trusted leaders

31
Q

what are some examples of disease names and stigma?

A

-GRID
-certain locations

32
Q

what does WHO say is the best practices for naming diseases?

A

stigma free?

33
Q

what is NIMS?

A

“National Incident Management System”
is a standardizes approach to incident management and response in the U.S. developed bc of 911

34
Q

when is NIMS used?

A

-Natural disasters
-Acts of Terrorism
-Falling of Infrastructure
-Transportation Incidents

35
Q

what is a PIO?

A

responsible for communicating info to the public and media usually only to operation standards

36
Q

what is an incident commander?

A

person in charge, responsible for creating a unified comand between agencies

point of contract

37
Q

what is a safety officer?

A

responsible for monitoring hazards in say to day operations

38
Q

what is a liasion officer?

A

relays info between incident commander, general staff and other agencies

39
Q

what is the logistics section?

A

two groups: service and support branch. supplies food, water, medical response, equipement, and supplies

40
Q

what are the three wings of the response to a medical emergency?

A

-triage (triage and tag all patients)
-treatment (separate pt and assign individuals to treat)
-transportation (in charge of pt movement)

41
Q

what is a Mass Casualty Incident?

A

-3 or more patients
-requires mutual aid and strains
-de

42
Q

What is a Mass Casualty Event?

A

-greater than 100 patients

43
Q

What is a closed Mass Casualty Incident?

A

numbers of pt are not expected to change

44
Q

What is an open Mass Causality?

A

unknown amount of casualities, search and rescue, and are normally long and ongoing

45
Q

What is the gold standard algorithm?

A

START

“Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment”

46
Q

what are the types of triage?

A

-Primary (on scene prior to transport or at hospital if arriving by foot or POV)
-Secondary I incident dependent, prior or during transport, at receiving facility, and an ongoing process)

47
Q

what is the assessment criteria for START triage?

A

-ability to follow directions and walk
-resp effort
-pulse/perfusion
-mental status

48
Q

what is black tag?

A

victim unlikely to survive , palliative care and pain

49
Q

what is red tag?

A

victim can be helped by immediate intervention and transport, requiring care in the next 60 minutes

compromise to ABC

50
Q

what is yellow tag?

A

transport can be delayed but include serious and potentially life threatening injury but VSS

51
Q

what is green tag?

A

victimwith minor injuries status unlikely to deteroiate

52
Q

can a child less than one be tagged green?

A

NOOO!!!

53
Q

define disaster

A

any event that causes a level of destruction, death or injury that affect the ability of the community to respond

54
Q

what is a natural disaster?

A

-sudden impact
-slow or chronic impact
-hurricane, storms, bug, etc.

55
Q

what is a human generated disaster?

A

-unintentional/ intential
-nuclear
-chemical
-explosive
-technologic

56
Q

what are the 4 phases of disaster management?

A
  1. Prevent
  2. Prepare
  3. Respond
    4.Recover
57
Q

whatt is a nerve agent?

A

are readily absorved by inhilation, ingestion, and dermal contact with rapid fatal systemic effects after exposure

e.g.
-Sarin
-VX (destroyed)

58
Q

what are s/s of nerve agent exposure

A

h/a, +LOC, red eye, constricted pupils, tachy, HTN, then brady, and hypoBP, muscle weakness, profuse sweating, SOB, c/p, abd pain, incontinence

rapid onset

59
Q

what are the s/s of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

h/a, dizzy, SOA, sz, c/p

60
Q

what are common causes of CO poisoning?

A

poorly vented furnance in winter

61
Q

what is the treatment for CO poisoning?

A

-place on pulse ox with CO monitor
-place on high flow nonrebreather
-hyperbaric chamber and oxygen washout

62
Q

what are the different HASMAT zones?

A

-Hot Zone/Red (contamination present, wear PPE, limited number)
-Warm Zone/Yellow (contamination control zone, PPE, decon corridor, life saving emergency care)
-Cold Zone/ Green (CP location, treatment/transport, medical monitoring/rehab)

63
Q

what are some examples of harm reduction?

A

-syringe exchange
-free narcan
-free HIV and Hep test
-treatment referrals
-wearing a seat belt
-using a condom
-ANY POSITIVE CHANGE

64
Q

how do you assess for potential OD?

A

-unable to wake up
-struggling to breathe
-decreased RR
-pallor
-lips and finger blue
-

65
Q

when should you use naloxone?

A

ALWAYS

doesn’t harm if not OD

66
Q

how d you administer naloxone?

A

IV, nasal

67
Q

what is the care involved after giving naloxone?

A

-place in recovery position
-call 911
-rescue breathes
-if no response after 2-3 min give another dose
-only works temporarily

NUR 422 Public Health (4 decks)

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