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312 Assessment Final > Week 6, Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Week 6, Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A

Superior + Inferior vena cava–> Right atrium–> through tricuspid valve–> right ventricle–> though pulmonary valve –> lungs–>pulmonary vein–>(oxygenated) –> left atrium–> through mitral valve–> left ventricle–>aortic valve–> aorta–> body

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2
Q

Relevant Personal Hx.

A

Smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise, etc.

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3
Q

Relevant Family history

A

Diabetes, HTN, CAD, hyperlipidemia

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4
Q

S&S

A

angina, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, diaphoresis, palpitations

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5
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea

A

sudden waking at night due to dyspnea (hallmark sign- if someone can’t sleep more than 2 hours)

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6
Q

Orthopnea

A

Can’t breathe laying down, need to elevate HOB

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7
Q

S1- systole

A

“lub”- tricuspid and mitral valves closing, CONTRACTION, loudest at apex (bottom)

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8
Q

S2- diastole

A

“dup”- pulmonary and aortic valves closing, RELAXATION, loudest at base (top)

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9
Q

CV assessment order

A
  1. Inspect
  2. Palpation
  3. Auscultate
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10
Q

Angle of louis

A

2nd rib

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11
Q

Inspection:

A

-semi fowlers

skin? scars? color? lift/heaviness? deformities?

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12
Q

Palpate

A

temp of skin and PMI (point of maximal impulse) at 5th intercostal space

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13
Q

Erb’s Point

A

3rd IC space, where you can hear everything roughly the same

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14
Q

Rub sound

A

high-pitched scratchy sound (r/t friction from pericardial inflammation), best heard @ lower left sternal border

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15
Q

Murmur

A

turbulent blood flow WITHIN HEART (narrowing or obstruction)

Graded 1-6, higher- more severe

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16
Q

S3

A

ventricular regurgitation, hear
S1–S2-S3
Ken—tuc-ky

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17
Q

S4

A

diastolic heart failure, hear
S4-S1–S2
Ten-nes—see

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18
Q

Male presentation of MI

A

chest pressure

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19
Q

Female presentation of MI

A

nausea, sweating, vomiting, pain in neck, jaw, throat, abdomen, back (referred pain)

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20
Q

Peripheral pulses

A 
Bilateral equality, 
radial, brachial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis (top of foot), posterior tibialis
2+ normal
0- absent
3+/4+ - bounding
1- thready
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21
Q

Edema: depress for 5 seconds.
Pitting:

A

1+ (disappears rapidly, 2mm)
2+ (10-15 seconds, 4mm)
3+ (deeper, 1 min, 6mm)
4+ (severe, 2min +, 8mm)

22
Q

DVT:

A

unilateral edema; pain, aches, cramps ; erythema; Warmth; URGENT: DO NOT MOVE

23
Q

Arterial disorder

A 
pain AFTER exercise
-sharp, stabbing
-worse with activity
-lower extremity reduces pain (blood can flow there)
-Skin cool and cool
-hairless, smooth
pulse absent
-pallor with elevation
-don't see edema
24
Q

Venous disorder

A
  • pain with standing
  • achy, heavy
  • pain alleviated with activity
  • raise foot above heart level
  • skin warm, mottled, stasis dermatitis
  • pulse bounding
  • edema frequent
25
Q

Acute Arterial Occlusion

A

6 p’s

  • Pain
  • Poikilothermic (cold)
  • Pallor
  • Paralysis
  • Paresthesia
  • Pulselessness
26
Q

Skin assessment can tell us:

A
  • tissue damage
  • circulation
  • oxygenation
  • nutrition
  • hydration
27
Q

Mottled skin, usually r/t to….

A

blood circulation

28
Q

Linear Configuration

A

Lesions are in straight line: Confluent (lesions run together), discrete (lesions stay separate), zosteriform

29
Q

Acriform configuration

A

arcs / rings

-Annular (ringline w/ raised borders, round flat center), Arcuate, Polycyclic, Serpentine

30
Q

Circular configuration

A

Guttate, Nummular

31
Q

Grouped Configuration

A

Herpetiform, Agminated, Corymbiform, Moniliform

32
Q

Diffuse distribution

A

widespread/generalized

33
Q

Universal distribution

A

All areas involved, no normal skin

34
Q

Localized distribution

A

Limited and discrete area

35
Q

Regional distribution

36
Q

Discrete distribution

A

Lesion has individual borders

37
Q

grouped deistribution

A

multiple lesiosn

38
Q

Coalescing distribution

A

multiple lesions coming together to form one big lesion

39
Q

Macule

A

Flat w/ color change, up to 1 cm

Freckle, hypopigmentation

40
Q

Plaques

A

Raised (plateau) patches > 1cm

usually circumscribed, well defined

41
Q

Papule

A

< 1 cm, circumscribed raised solid lesion usually w/ color

42
Q

Nodule

A

Well defined, <2cm, solid. Tumor is a lg nodule

43
Q

Vesicle

A

serous fluid filled <1cm raised, bulla is large vesicle

44
Q

Pustule

A

purulent filled, <1cm, raised, acne

45
Q

Urticaria/wheals/hives

A

size varies, raised, superficial, transient, erythematous

46
Q

Secondary lesions

A

scale, fissure, excoriation, erosion, keloid

47
Q

scale

A

shedding dead skin cells (may be dry, flakey, oily, adherent)

48
Q

Fissure

A

linear cleft through epiderm (like on heels, fingers, between toes, corner of mouth)

49
Q

Excoriation

A

loss of outer layer of skin torn by rubbing/itching

50
Q

Erosion

A

loss of epidermis, when a blister pops

51
Q

Keloid

A

inc collagen over scar tissue

52
Q

Braden scale:

A 
predict pressure injury risk.  Low score- high risk. 
6 categories:
-Sensory perception
-Moisture
-Activity
-Mobility
-Nutrition
-Friction and shear

312 Assessment Final (5 decks)

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