Week 6 - Carbohydrate intolerance & exercise

Question 1

What cells of the pancreatic islets is insulin secreted by?

Answer 1

B-cells

Question 2

What cells of the pancreatic islets is glucagon secreted by?

Answer 2

a-cells

Question 3

What is insulin secreted in response to?

Answer 3

Elevated blood glucose levels

Question 4

What is glucagon secreted in response to?

Answer 4

Low glucose levels

Question 5

What is the difference between Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes?

Answer 5

Type-1 involves impaired insulin secretion, whereas type-2 involves an impaired sensitivity to insulin.

Question 6

What does aerobic exercise cause an increase of in muscles?

Answer 6

GLUT4 expression

Question 7

What are pancreatic islets?

Answer 7

Tiny clusters of pancreatic cells

Question 8

What is the fasting blood glucose level for someone who is glucose tolerant?

Answer 8

4-6 mmol/L

Question 9

What is the fasting blood glucose test for someone with clinical diabetes?

Answer 9

> 7 mmol/L

Question 10

What are 5 long term complications of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Diabetic Neuropathy
• Stroke
• CV disease

Question 11

What is the routine clinical test to test for diabetes?

Answer 11

Oral glucose tolerance test

Question 12

How does brief, maximal exercise effect plasma glucose levels?

Answer 12

Causes a rapid increase in blood glucose as epinephrine stimulation to liver outweighs uptake by muscle

Question 13

How does prolonged exercise effect plasma glucose levels?

Answer 13

It will lower plasma glucose levels as liver glycogen deports are depleted over time.

Question 14

For people with Type 1 diabetes, why is insulin injection typically reduced prior to undertaking exercise?

Answer 14

Hypoglycaemia - insulin before exercise may lead to a drop in blood glucose levels if not managed properly.