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Pharmacology > Week 6- Bugs and Drugs (Abx) > Flashcards

Week 6- Bugs and Drugs (Abx) Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms does penicillin cover

A

Enterococcus
Strep pneumoniae
Strep A pyrogens
Top LEFT (Purple, gram positive)

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2
Q

What organisms does Dicloxacillin cover

A

Strep pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA (Methicillin susceptible staph aureus)
GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

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3
Q

What organisms does Amoxixillin cover

A

Enterococcus
Strep pneumoniae
Strep A pyrogens
Top LEFT (Purple, gram positive)
Original penicillins, but with slight gram negative coverage
Aminopenicillins

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4
Q

What organisms does Amoxicillin/clauvulanate (Augmentin) cover

A

Gram Positive:
Enterococcus faecalis
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Influenzae
Bacteroides fragilis

NOT: MRSA or Pseudomonas aerguinosa

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5
Q

What drugs does Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) cover

A

Gram Positive:
Enterococcus faecalis
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Influenzae
Bacteroides fragilis
Pseudomonas aerginosa

NOT: MRSA
Mostly reserved for very serious infections (Diabetic foot infection with pseudomonas risk)

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6
Q

All penicillins and derivitives cover Enterococcus except which one

A

Dicloxaxillin

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7
Q

Which Penacillin derivatives cover Bacteroides fragilis

A

Amoxicillin/clauvanate (Augmentin)
and Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)

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8
Q

What does cephalexin (Keflex) cover

A

First Generation

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Strep A
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK

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9
Q

What does Cefuroxime (Ceftin), Cefoxitin, and Cefdinir (Omnicef) cover

A

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Influenzae
Bacteroides fragilis (Cefoxitin is only cephalosporin with anaerobic coverage)

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10
Q

What is the only cephalosporin with anaerobic coverage

A

Cefoxitin (Covers bacteroides fraglilis)

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11
Q

What does Cefepime cover

A

4th generation

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Influenzae
ALSO COVERS PSEUDOMONAS

Does NOT cover Bacteroides fragilis and MRSA

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12
Q

What cephalosporin does Ceftaroline cover

A

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA
MRSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Influenzae

Does NOT cover Bacteroides fragilis and Pseudomonas

COVERS MRSA

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13
Q

What organisms does aztreonam cover

A

Gram Negative:
PEK
Pseudomonas aerguinosa
Haemophilus influenzae

Worth if someone has a very bad beta lactam allergy

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14
Q

What organisms does Ertapenem cover

A

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Haemophilus influenzae
Bacteriodes fragilis

NOT MRSA or Pseudomonas

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15
Q

What does Meropenem imipenem-cilastatin cover

A

Gram Positive:
Enterococcus
Strep Pneumoniae
Group A strep
MSSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus influenzae
Bacteriodes fragilis

NOT MRSA

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16
Q

First line of treatment for MRSA

A

Vancomycin - IV only for MRSA

Doxy also covers MRSA

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17
Q

Key adverse effects of vancomycin

A

Red man syndrome (Flushing if given too fast. Give dipenhydrameine if problematic)
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity

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18
Q

Which drug is associated with red man syndrome

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

MOA for vancomycin

A

Inhibit cell wall polymerization

20
Q

Which organisms does vancomycin cover

A

GRAM POSITIVE COVERAGE

Strep A
Strep Pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecalis

MRSA
MSSA

21
Q

Which organisms do aminoglycosides cover

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

PEK
Pseudomonas aerginosa
Haemophilus influenzae

NOT Bacteroides fragilis

22
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

23
Q

What are the aminoglycosides

A

tobramycin, amikacin, gentamycin

24
Q

Which organisms do Macrolides cover

A

Azithro, clarithro, erythro

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Grop A strep pyrogens

Gram Negative:
Cover Haemophilus influenzae

25
Q

What organisms does doxycycline cover

A

Gram Positive:
MSSA
MRSA

Gram Negative:
Haemophilus influenzae

26
Q

Adverse effects of tetracyclines

A

Pill Esophagitis
Photosensitivity
Pregnancy (impairs bone development and yellows teeth)

27
Q

Drugs that cover MRSA

A

IV vancomycin
IV or PO Clindamycin
IV or PO Doxyxycline
PO Bactrim (TMP-SMX)

28
Q

Organisms that clindamycin covers

A

Gram Positive:
Strep Pneumoniae
Strep A pyrogens

MSSA
MRSA

Gram Negative:
Haemophilus influenzae
Bacteroides fragilis

29
Q

BBW for Lincosamides

A

C. Diff Colitis- antibiotic most associated with this
causes GI upset

30
Q

Organisms that ciprofloxacin covers

A

Gram Negative:
PEK
Pseudomonas aerguinosa
Haemophilus influenzae

31
Q

Organisms that levofloxacin (Levaquin) covers

A

Gram Positive:
Enterococcus
Strep Pneumoniae
MSSA

NOT MRSA or Group A Strep**

Gram Negative:
PEK
Pseudomonas (levofloxacin only)
Haemophilus influenzae
Bacteroides fragilis( moxifloxacin only)

32
Q

Organisms that metronidazole (Flagyl) covers

A

Bacteroides fragilis

33
Q

Adverse effects for Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

AVOID ALCOHOL
Metalic Taste

34
Q

BBW for flouroquinolones

A

CNS toxixity
Joint/Tendon injury

35
Q

What organisms does TMP/SMX cover

A

BACTRIM

Gram Positive:
Group A strep
MSSA
MRSA

Gram Negative:
PEK
Haemophilus influenzae

36
Q

Cautions and contraindications for sulfonamide abx

A

Photosensitivity
Rash
Kidney injury
G6PD injury
Caution in late term pregnancy

37
Q

What coverage is Nitrofurantoin (macrobid)

A

Gram Positive:
Enterococcus faecalis

Gram Negative:
PEK

Only used for bladder infections (cystitis)
NOT effective for pyelonephritis

38
Q

Adverse effects of nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

A

N/V
Brown urine
G6PD deficiency
Won’t work in renal impairment
Late term pregnancy

39
Q

Which abx to avoid in late term pregnancy

A

Bactrim
Macrobid

40
Q

What drugs cover B. Fragilis

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl- IV or PO)
Amoxicillin-Clauvlanate (Augmentin- PO)
Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn- IV)
Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn- IV)
Cefoxitin (IV, 2nd gen)
Clindamycin (IV, PO)

41
Q

Which drugs cover E. Coli

A

Cephalosporins (ALL)
Beta-lactam and inhibitor combinations
Flouroquinolones (IV, PO)
TMP-SMX (PO)
Aminoglycosides
Nitrofurantoin (PO only for UTIs)

42
Q

Which drugs cover pseudomonas

A

Cefepime (4th generation cephalosporin, IV)
Piperacillin-Tazobactam (IV) (ZOSYN)
Flouroquinolones (IV, PO) (ONLY that is PO)
Aminoglycosides (IV)

43
Q

Bactroban vs bacitracin

A

Bactroban- Mupirocin, Works against staph, MRSA, Strep. Strep Impetigo.

Bactracin- Covers Staph and Strep, NOT MRSA. Combine with neomycin or polymyxin

44
Q

Which antibiotics are primary choice for cellulitis and what organism causes this

A

Caused by Group A strep

Beta lactam alternates:
Doxycycline
TMP-SMX
Clindamycin

Beta Lactams (PO)
Amoxacillin-Clauvunate
Cephalexin

IV Beta Lactams:
Ampicillin/ sulbactam
Cefalozolin

45
Q

Cellulitis with MRSA treatment

A

PO: Doxycycline, TMP-SMX, Clindamycin
IV: Vancomycin, Clindamycin

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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