Week 6- Birth and Development of Liberalism Flashcards
The Great Charter (Magna Carta) of 1215:
What is the history and importance of The Great Charter (Magna Carta) of 1215
Truly one of the most important documents in the history of the world, the Magna Carta was born in 1215 following a crisis between King John Lackland (1166-1216) and his vassals (barons).
The Magna Carta: written in Latin, this document is beautifully preserved in a London museum
When did liberalism appear in England
in the 17th century however there are important events leadig to it in the 11 century
The 13 century English society:
What are the 3 classes
The clergy (i.e., church people)
The aristocrats (i.e., nobles)
The peasantry (vast majority of the population)
The 13 century English society:
Who holds most power within the 3 classes and expalin the foundation of their power?
The aristocracy (i.e., the nobility) which reigns undivided over the whole of society.
The foundation of its power: physical strength and, consequently, possession of land, wealth, etc.
The Magna Carta and the limitation of powers:
Within the aristocracy does the king have complete sovereignty?
The king does not exercise complete sovereignty because he shares it with his vassals, nobles like him to whom he gives land and a title of nobility in exchange for their loyalty, the payment of a tax and their participation in his wars.
The Great Charter (Magna Carta) of 1215:
Principles in The Magna Carta that are still relevant today:
a. The principle of No taxation without representation
b. The Habeas corpus principle
c. The right to revolt on the part of vassals if the king does not respect the text of the charter.
d. Creation of a Grand Council
Principles in The Magna Carta:
What is the Habeas corpus principle
a fundamental element of modern law, which prohibits unreasonable and unjustified arrests and guarantees a fair and just trial
Principles in The Magna Carta:
What is the principle of No taxation without representation?
a sovereign does not have the right to impose taxes without obtaining the authorization of those who pay them.
Principles in The Magna Carta:
What is the creation of a Grand Council?
To monitor the king and his actions
(a group of wise men, members of the aristocracy and high clergy who advise the King on political issues and taxation) of 25 barons chosen by their peers: it is the principle of representativeness at the base of the parliamentary system.
Birth of the Parliament:
When did the Grand Council became the Parliament, of the French verb parlementer?
In 1236
Birth of the Parliament:
What was the conflict of In 1256 between the king and his vassels?
they forced him to admit representatives of the bourgeoisie and knights (nobles of lower status).
The importance of the bourgeoisie:
Describe the Bourgeoisie
The Bourgeois lived in the big cities and had characteristics in common with the aristocrats and peasants: they are rich and free like the former, and like the latter, they have no noble blood
responsible for the great political changes that will take place from the 13th century, but especially between the 17th and 19th centuries.
The division of parliament:
How many chambers are in parliment and how are they divided?
In view of the social divide between Nobles and Commoners (the bourgeois, in English the commoners),
Parliament may be divided into two chambers, in two places of meeting:
- An assembly for representatives of nobles and high clergy, the House of Lords (the House of Lords), which was the upper house of Parliament
- An assembly for the representatives of the commoners, known as the House of Commons (the House of Commons) and the lower house of Parliament, which has been meeting in the same place at Westminster Abbey for eight centuries.
the social divide between Nobles and Commoners (the bourgeois) ,
The crises of the 17th century:
Who is Louis XIV?
the doctrine of the monarchy of divine right. According to her, kings are higher beings of divine nature who govern their country in the name of the almighty God.
The crises of the 17th century:
What was the main cause of the crise?
In England, the kings of the Stuart dynasty will try to use the doctrine of the divine monarchy to **reduce the power of Parliament and to govern their kingdom alone. **
His attempt caused a huge crises
The crises of the 17th century:
When did the civil war break out and who was it between?
1642 and 1647
between the royalist forces of King Charles I who, like his father James I (1566-1625), wanted to govern as a monarch by divine right, and the forces loyal to Parliament. Parliament’s victory led to the king’s judgment for high treason and his public execution in 1649:
