Week 6 Flashcards
Paramount
more important than anything else
This matter is of paramount importance.
(formal) having the highest position or the greatest power
China’s paramount leader
Amalgam
[countable, usually singular] amalgam (of something) (formal) a mixture or combination of things
an amalgam of several companies and organizations
Estrangement
the fact of no longer living with your husband, wife or partner
estrangement from somebody/something
a period of estrangement from his wife
estrangement between A and B
the bitter estrangement between husband and wife
the fact of no longer being friendly or in contact with somebody
estrangement from somebody/something
her estrangement from her family
estrangement between A and B
The misunderstanding had caused a seven-year estrangement between them.
Acquiesce
acquiesce (in/to something) to accept something without arguing, even if you do not really agree with it
Senior government figures must have acquiesced in the cover-up.
She explained her plan and reluctantly he acquiesced.
Vomit
to bring food from the stomach back out through the mouth-throw up
The smell made her want to vomit
Throw up
to vomit food
SYNONYM sick something up
The baby’s thrown up her dinner.
to make people notice something
Her research has thrown up some interesting facts.
to build something suddenly or in a hurry
They’re throwing up new housing estates all over the place.
to leave your job
to throw up your career
Squarely
directly; not at an angle or to one side
She looked at me squarely in the eye.
He stood squarely in front of them, blocking the entrance.
(figurative) We must meet the challenge squarely (= not try to avoid it).
directly or exactly; without doubt
The responsibility for the crisis rests squarely on the government.
This case falls squarely into the category of abuse.
The party puts its support squarely behind the minister.
Implicate
implicate somebody (in something) to show or suggest that somebody is involved in something bad or criminal He tried to avoid saying anything that would implicate him further.
implicate something (in/as something) to show or suggest that something is the cause of something bad The results implicate poor hygiene as one cause of the outbreak.
Vengeance
the act of punishing or harming somebody in return for what they have done to you, your family or friends
SYNONYM revenge
a desire for vengeance
vengeance on/upon somebody
to take vengeance on somebody
She is determined to wreak vengeance on those who killed her cousin.
He swore vengeance on his child’s killer.
vengeance against somebody
He sought vengeance against those who had humiliated his country.
Wreak
Cause (a large amount of damage or harm)
Overcome
overcome somebody/something to defeat somebody
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
Meet out
mete something out (to somebody)
(formal) to give somebody a punishment; to make somebody suffer bad treatment
Severe penalties were meted out by the court.
the violence meted out to the prisoners
Reparation
reparations [plural] money that is paid by a country that has lost a war, for the damage, injuries, etc. that it has caused
[uncountable] the act of giving something to somebody or doing something for them in order to show that you are sorry that you have caused them to suffer
Offenders should be forced to make reparation to the community.
Proceeding
[countable, usually plural] the process of using a court to settle an argument or to deal with a complaint
court/legal/judicial proceedings
proceeding (against somebody) (for something)
There was enough evidence to bring criminal proceedings against her.
proceedings [plural] an event or a series of actions
The Mayor will open the proceedings at the City Hall tomorrow.
We watched the proceedings from the balcony.
proceedings [plural] the official written report of a meeting, etc.
His paper is published in the new issue of the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Outright
complete and total
an outright ban/rejection/victory
She was the outright winner.
No one party is expected to gain an outright majority.
open and direct
There was outright opposition to the plan.
Protagonist
主唱者
Normative
describing or setting standards or rules of behaviour
Deductive
using knowledge about things that are generally true in order to think about and understand particular situations or problems
Accord (noun)
a formal agreement between two organizations, countries, etc.
The two sides signed a peace accord last July.
Antagonism
antagonism (to/toward(s) somebody/something) | antagonism (between A and B) feelings of opposition and hate
SYNONYM hostility
The antagonism he felt towards his old enemy was still very strong.
You could sense the antagonism between them.
the racial antagonisms in society
Shelve
を棚に載せる
shelve books
に棚をつける
shelve a cupboard
を延期する
Shelving a problem won’t solve it
なだらかに傾斜する
Thwart
を阻止する
thwart the enemy’s plans
Detainee
a person who is kept in prison, usually because of his or her political opinions
The detainee can make a formal complaint after release.
Stark
unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid
SYNONYM bleak
The author paints a stark picture of life in a prison camp.
He now faces the stark reality of life in prison.
very different from something in a way that is easy to see
Social divisions in the city are stark
looking severe and without any colour or decoration
I think white would be too stark for the bedroom.
[only before noun] complete and total
SYNONYM utter
The children watched in stark terror.
Amnesty
恩赦
天皇陛下の即位など国家の慶弔時に、政府がすでに確定している刑事罰を特別に許したり、軽減させたりする制度のこと
Subpoena
a written order to attend court as a witness to give evidence
He was served with a subpoena.
She is appearing today under subpoena (= she has been given a subpoena to appear)
(証人として法廷への出頭を命じる)召喚状
Exact (verb)
exact something (from somebody)
to demand and get something from somebody
She was determined to exact a promise from him.
No doubt they will exact payment in due course.
to make something bad happen to somebody exact something
He exacted (= took) a terrible revenge for their treatment of him.
exact something from somebody
Stress can exact a high price from workers (= can affect them badly).
Confrontation
a situation in which there is anger between people or groups who disagree because they have different opinions
confrontation (with somebody)
She wanted to avoid another confrontation with her father.
confrontation between A and B
Confrontation between employers and unions has resulted in strike action.
Delegation
[countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who represent the views of an organization, a country, etc.
the Dutch delegation to the United Nations
a delegation of teachers
[uncountable] the process of giving somebody work or responsibilities that would usually be yours
delegation of authority/decision-making
Egalitarian
a person who believes that everyone is equal and should have the same rights and opportunities
He described himself as ‘an egalitarian’.
Entrench
to establish something very strongly so that it is very difficult to change
be entrenched (in something) Sexism is deeply entrenched in our society.
entrenched attitudes/interests/opposition
something entrenches itself in something
This idea had firmly entrenched itself in his consciousness.
Condemnation
condemnation (of somebody/something) an expression of very strong disapproval
There was widespread condemnation of the invasion
Bargain
Intransitive
to discuss prices, conditions, etc. with somebody in order to reach an agreement that is acceptable
SYNONYM negotiate
bargain (with somebody) (about/over/for something) In the market dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.
He said he wasn’t prepared to bargain.
Militate against
(formal) to prevent something; to make it difficult for something to happen or exist
SYNONYM hinder
The supervisor’s presence militated against a relaxed atmosphere.
Retribution
retribution (for something) severe punishment for something seriously wrong that somebody has done
People are seeking retribution for the latest terrorist outrages.
fear of divine retribution (= punishment from God)
Pitfall
a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first
the potential pitfalls of buying a house
Getting professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls.
Overrule
overrule somebody/something to change a decision or reject an idea from a position of greater power
SYNONYM override
to overrule a decision/an objection
The verdict was overruled by the Supreme Court.
Humility
the quality of not thinking that you are better than other people; the quality of being humble
Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility.
an act of genuine humility
Temper
(formal) to make something less severe by adding something that has the opposite effect
be tempered with something
Justice must be tempered with mercy.
be tempered by something
The hot sunny days were tempered by a light breeze.
His delight was tempered by regret.
