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Remediation > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
  • Lack of insulin production due to an autoimmune disorder targeting β cells in the pancreas.
  • Commonly diagnosed in children (early onset)
  • Medications: Humalog, Novalog, Novalin, Lantis
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2
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A
  • NIDDM (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
  • Body isn’t sensitive to insulin (“wack” regulation or built up tolerance)
  • Commonly found later in life due to poor lifestyle choices
  • Medications: Metformin/Glucophage
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3
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

Occurs during pregnancy (changes in how cells use glucose)
• Tends to lead to hyperglycemia
• Risk factor: Developing type 2 after childbirth.
• Treatment: Birth

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4
Q

Role of Insulin/What produces it?

A
  • insulin is the key that allows for the uptake of glucose by cells
  • decreases BGL
  • increases glucose within cells
  • produced by pancreas, specifically beta cells ( a type of islet cell)
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5
Q

Role of Glucagon/What produces it?

A
  • Breaks down glycogen stores
    (sugar stores) in the liver into the blood
  • Increases BGL when glucose within cells are low
  • produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas
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6
Q

Definition: DKA

A
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Body starts breaking down ketones (a type of sugar), which increases blood acidity because increased
    generation of CO2
  • usually associated with hyperglycemia
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7
Q

Definition: Insulin Shock

A
  • the body shutting down because low BGL

- associated with hypoglycemia; taking too much insulin

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8
Q

Defintion: Diabetic Coma

A
  • occurs when BGL of patient is so low or so high, they can no longer function normally, and become AMS
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9
Q

Definition: Diabetic Neuropathy

A
  • a type of nerve damage that can occur if you have diabetes

- High blood sugar (glucose) can injure nerves throughout your body.

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10
Q

3 P’s of diabetes

A
  • Polyphagia: Excessive hunger
    • Polydipsia: Excessive thirst
    • Polyuria: Excessive/frequent urination
  • associated with hyperglycemia
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11
Q

Oral Glucose

A

Indications: BGL < 60 mg/dL, AMS, history of diabetes
Contraindications: head/facial trauma, unable to swallow, unable to follow directions
Route: buccal
Mechanism: increases BGL
Dose: 1 tube oral glucose; max three tubes
Consider: sugary drinks

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12
Q

4 components of blood

A
  • plasma and proteins
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • megakaryocytes
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13
Q

What is sickle cell anemia? Why is it a concern to us? How does the patient present? What are our treatments?

A
  • genetic condition that causes the hemoglobin to form globular S-Hemoglobin that affects the shape of the
    hemoglobin protein and the RBC
  • this is a concern for us because it means patient is not able to move oxygen adequately throughout the body
  • S/Sx: swelling, LOC, fatigue, headache/dizziness, jaundice, intense pain in areas with fine capillaries
  • Our treatments: High flow O2, rapid transport
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14
Q

Hemophilia

A
  • reduced ability for blood to clot
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15
Q

Thrombophilia

A
  • increased tendency to clot
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16
Q

What is a behavioral emergency?

A
  • when someone behaves in a way
    that is not within the social norm or in a way that is
    not acceptable to friends and family
  • Can pose a risk to themselves or others
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17
Q

6 causes of AMS

A
  • hypoxia
  • drugs/alcohol
  • post-seizure
  • head injury
  • exacerbated mental illness/disorder
  • infection
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18
Q

When should you restrain? How? How many people should you have?

A
  • restrain when pt is a danger to themselves, you, your crew, bystanders, other providers, etc
  • use only force necessary, tie to stretcher (not the moveable parts), tie one arm up, one arm down, feet apart, check CMS every five minutes, take not of mileage
  • should have atleats 3 people
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19
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A
  • episodes of decreased mood, willingness to do things

- comes in episodes that vary in length and severity

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20
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A
  • episodes of elevated mood and irritability
  • could lead to someone being rash, displaying psychotic features
  • an episode could last for days
  • 2 types: 1 = manic ep; 2 = only hypomanic ep
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21
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A
  • anxiety that comes with intense worry, discomfort with uncertainty
  • comorbid with depression; has many similar symptoms
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22
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • disorder linked to positive (hallucinations, delusions) and negative effects (empathy) and disorganized speech and mood
  • pt. can have auditory, visual, or even olfactory delusions
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23
Q

Phobias

A
  • intense fear of specific object or experience that is not explainable/ordinary/justifiable
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24
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A
  • pt. has obsessions, compulsions, or both

- need to satisfy compulsions and obsessions

25
Q

Ensuring crew’s safety

A
  • approach patients slowly
  • ensure patient has no type of weapon in their hand
  • call PD as a precaution if patient seems to be violent
26
Q

Concerns for patient/Consent

A
  • concerned about possible suicide attempt

- she cant refuse treatment as she is a threat to herself (involuntary consent)

27
Q

3 questions to ask suicidal patient?

A
  • Is there anyone you can talk to about personal issues?
  • Have you though about hurting yourself before?
  • Do you find yourself lacking the will to do things on a daily basis?
  • How would you describe your mood most days?
28
Q

2 organs that are part of lymphatic system

A
  • spleen

- liver

29
Q

Histamine’s Role

A
  • Histamine is the main compound involved in an anaphylactic reaction
  • Effects: vasodilations, wheezing/stridor lung sounds, angoredema/edema, urticaria
30
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A
  • infections picked up in hospital environment

- population at risk: providers, immunocompromised patients, and patients who are in such an environment frequently

31
Q

What should you do when you see localized welling?

A
  1. take off jewelry the could impose on the swelling

2. remove allergen by swiping it off

32
Q

Definition: urticaria

A
  • hives that form on the body
33
Q

Definition: Angioedema

A
  • swelling of the tongue
34
Q

Definition: allergic reaction

A
  • Exaggerated immune response to something that usually is nonpathogenic.
35
Q

Epinephrine Protocol

A

indications: obvious signs of anaphylaxis, hypotension or severe respiratory distress, prescribed an epi-pen
contraindications: none in emergent situations
mechanism: sympathomimetic
route: intramuscular
dose: .3 mg for adults; .15 mg for peds; max dose = 1
Side Effects: reflect sympathetic nervous system

36
Q

What is anaphylaxis

A
  • Serious life-threatening hypersensitive
    systemic allergic reaction that compromises
    two or more body systems.
37
Q

Symptoms of both Allergic reaction and anaphylaxis

A 
- Swelling
• Nausea/Vomitting
• Abdominal pain
• Dizziness
- wheezing
38
Q

Symptoms unique to anaphylaxis

A
  • Hypotension***
    • Tachycardia
    • Urticaria (hives)
    • Angioedema (swelling of the tongue)
39
Q

Define: Addiction

A
  • the psychological desire to take drugs despite recognizing negative
    consequences
40
Q

Define: Tolerance

A
  • Need for more after long-term use to achieve an effect
41
Q

Define: Agonist

A
  • something that INCREASES function at postsynaptic cell
42
Q

Define: Physical Dependence

A
  • The physical need for a drug to function normally
43
Q

Define: Idiosyncrasy

A
  • Basically an uncommon side effect or reaction
44
Q

Define: Potentiation

A
  • Achieving a greater effect than the sum of the drugs
45
Q

Define: Antagonist

A
  • something that DECREASES or BLOCKS function
46
Q

Define: Enteral

A
  • Passing through the epithelium of the GI tract
47
Q

4 routes of medication administration

A
  • enteral - oral, buccal
  • parenteral - IV, IM, I0, Subcutaneous
  • absorbed - buccal, nasal, inhalation, transdermal
48
Q

Severe Alcohol Withdrawal

A
  • leads to delirium tremens
  • characterized by Nausea/Vomiting, Tremors, Disorientation, Hallucinations, Seizure Activity, and Tachycardia/Hypertension
  • Our concerns: seizure activity; electrolyte imbalance can lead to cardiovascular collapse
49
Q

6 rights of medication administration

A
  • Dose
  • Drug
  • Documentation
  • Time
  • Patient
  • Route
50
Q

Depressant

A
  • Decrease CNS Activity

- alcohol

51
Q

Stimulant

A
  • Increase CNS Activity, Stimulate Sympathetic Nervous
    System
  • cocaine
52
Q

Narcan Protocol

A

Indications: suspected opioid overdose, AMS, RR<10
Contraindications: none
Route: Intranasal via atomizer
Mechanism: opiate receptor antagonists
Dose: 2 mg in adults, 1 mg in peds; half dose in each nostril; max dose of 2
Side Effects: vomiting, withdrawal symptoms, aggression, delirium

53
Q

Name 2 opiates

A
  • fentanyl

- heroin

54
Q

4 signs of opiate overdose

A
  • low respirations, AMS, hallucinations, tremors,
55
Q

What is an opioid? Why is it a concern?

A
  • opium derived drugs that numb pain and sensation

- very easy to overdose on it; mixed with other drugs so people will consume without knowing as well

56
Q

What drug class does Tylenol belong to? Risk of overdose?

A
  • acetaminophen

- liver toxicity, jaundice, confusion, bleeding

57
Q

Name an anticoagulant. What do they do and why are they prescribed?

A
  • Heparin, Warfarin, Xarelto
  • Target soluble blood proteins like Thrombin and Fibrin
  • prescribed to prevent blood clots (DVT, PE)
58
Q

Situation

A
  • cholinergic agents
  • affected by an organophosphates
  • symptoms:
    • Salivation
    • Lacrimation
    • Urination
    • Defecation
    • GI Discomfort
    • Emesis
    • Miosis
  • remove patient from scene ASAP
59
Q

CPEP

A
  • Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program

Remediation (1 decks)

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