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Neuro week 6 > week 6 > Flashcards

week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognition

A

The bridge and guide between sensory input and behavioral output OF YOUR BUTTHOLE

  • Knowing, its internal life
  • percption
  • attention
  • memory
  • language
  • emotion
  • planning
  • consciousness
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2
Q

What makes up Default network

A
  1. Posterior parietal
  2. Posterior cingulate/precuneus
  3. Dorsolateral prefontral
  4. Medial prefrontal
  5. Medial temporal
  6. rostrolateral temporal
    - its basically whats active when you are not doing anything
    - areas of association cortex
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3
Q

Default network involved with

A 
daydreaming
Autobiographical memories
envisioning of future
moral decisions 
- it contrasts with task positive network
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4
Q

Association cortex

A

Not-primary cortices

  • can be unimodal and multimodal (integrates info across sensory modalities from other sources)
    1. Premotor cortex
    2. somatosensory association cortex
    3. visual association cortex
    4. auditory association cortex
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5
Q

Pyramidal cell layers

A

1,2,3,5

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6
Q

Stellate cell layer

A

4

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7
Q

Primary sensory cortex inputs

A
  1. Sense-specific thalamic nucleus
    - MGN, LGN, VPM, VPL layer 4
  2. Other cortical areas 1,2,3,5
  3. multimodal inputs from thalamus layer 1
  4. Modulatory inputs from brainstem via 5HT, NE, DA, and Ach via all layers
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8
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus

A

auditory

  • cochlea (via brainstem auditory nuclei) in
  • primary auditory cortex out
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9
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

vision

  • retina in
  • primary visual cortex out
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10
Q

Ventral posterior medial

A

Facial sensory

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11
Q

Ventral posterior lateral

A

sensory to the rest of body

  • Skin (via medial lemniscus) in
  • Primary somatosensory cortex out
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12
Q

Multimodoal thalamic nuclei

A

Pulvinar
- Ass. Cortex, SC in
- Parietotemporal and visual ass cortex out
Medial dorsal
- Sc, Olfactory cortex, amygdala, ventral pallidum in
- FEM, anterior cingulate cortex out
Lateral posterior
- Ass cortex and anterior cingulate retina in
- Parietal, visual ass. cortex, ant cingulate out
Anterior
- hypothalamus, hippo, cingulate in
- posterior cingulate out

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13
Q

Association cortex inputs

A
  1. multimodal thalamic layer 4
  2. Other cortical area 1,2,3,5
  3. multimodal inputs from thalamus layer 1
  4. Modulatory inputs from brainstem via 5HT, NE, DA, and Ach via all layers
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14
Q

Sensory and association cortex outputs

A
  1. Other cortical areas layers 2 and 3
  2. Thalamus vai 6
  3. Thalamus and other subcortical areas like BG, midbrain, BS, Spinal cord via 5
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15
Q

Layer 3

A

Corticocortical

- or callasal connections

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16
Q

Layer 4

A

inputs from thalamus

17
Q

Layer 5

A

descending projections

18
Q

Association cortex function

A
  • integrate input from different modalities
  • mediate internal cognition
  • mediate between sensory inputs and the appropriate behavioral output
19
Q

Parietal cortex

A
  1. visual attn and other attention (non-dominant hemisphere)
  2. localization– searching (wheres waldo) and reaching for objects found in (superior posterior parietal cortex)
  3. spatial relationships- binding input from scene to make a single image
  4. motor programs (skill movements and R-L orientation) via dominant hemisphere
20
Q

Temporal cortex

A
  1. recognition and object identification

2. language

21
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A
  1. Planning and decision making “executive function”

2. working memory

22
Q

Inferior posterior parietal cortex

A

non-dominant hemi

  • attention
  • lesion gives you spatial neglect or one sided neglect (1/2 of all right sided strokes) because the left visual comes strictly from right but right visual field comes from both why you dont see these symptoms on a left sided stroke
  • you can see letter but ignore attention to left visual field
  • Can’t draw the left half of the clock
23
Q

Motor Apraxia

A

Loss of ability to perform skilled motions
sensory and motor systems are intact– you can move fine
- similar symptoms one would see to premotor cortex which responds to external stimuli

24
Q

Spatial neglect

A
  • lesion gives you spatial neglect or one sided neglect (1/2 of all right sided strokes) because the left visual comes strictly from right but right visual field comes from both why you dont see these symptoms on a left sided stroke
  • you can see letter but ignore attention to left visual field
  • Can’t draw the left half of the clock
25
Q

Ideomotor apraxia

A

involved gestures of waving goodbye or using tools

- like kitchen utensils or toothbrush or broom

26
Q

Temporal association cortex

A
  1. Superior temporal sulcus
    - language and social attn
  2. Inferior temporal cortex (deep)
    - recognition
27
Q

Recognition

A

Fusiform face area (fusiform gyrus
other areas too
- Population coding of which each neuron responds to particular features
- facial profile neurons
- face neurons
- body parts and places may also have specialized region

28
Q

Agnosias

A

Deficits in recognition (not knowing)

  • inability to not recognize or identify objects even though sensory systems are working
  • damage to several cortical areas can produce agnosia of different types
29
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

  • lesions in inferior temporal cortex
  • still can recognize by voice or body parts or where they typically sit
30
Q

Visual agnosia

A

inability to recognize an object by site but once put in your hand you can tell what it is- say a ball for example
- damage to unimodal visual cortex

31
Q

Astereognosia

A

inability to recognize an object by touch alone

- damage to unimodal somatosensory cortex

32
Q

Associative visual agnosia

A

can identify but not name. You know the verb but not the noun
- posterior parietal cortex damage

33
Q

Finger agnosia

A

damage to angular gyrus of dominant parietal cortex

- inclues acalculi, agraphia and R-L confusion

34
Q

Executive function

A 
planning
making decisions 
purposeful action
sequencing behaviors over time
-selection and execution of appropriate behaviors
35
Q

Prefrontal cortex damage

A
  • impaired restraint (no impulse control)
  • socially inappropriate behavior
  • disordered thoughts- not logical
  • inability to plan
  • perseveration (persistance of bad behavior)
  • inability to use info to guide behavior (cognitive inflexibility)
  • try the Wisconsin Card test

Neuro week 6 (2 decks)

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