Week 6

Question 1

4 jenis passing parameters?

Answer 1

1. passing by value
2. passing by address
3. passing by reference
4. passing by const reference

Question 2

what is reference?

Answer 2

reference adalah alias or synonym for another variable. server as alternative name for an object. harus di inisialisasi pada saat declared. Ex: int &count.

Question 3

Perbedaan pointer dengan reference?

Answer 3

Pointer:

1. tidak perlu diinisialisasikan pada saat definisi
2. dapat di assign nilai baru untuk object yang berbeda

Reference:

1. harus diinisialisasikan pada saat definisi
2. selalu refer ke object yang sama

Question 4

a constant reference variable var?

Answer 4

refer ke object yang nilai yang tidak dapat di ganti dengan var.

Question 5

r is a reference for n?

Answer 5

int& r = *p;

Question 6

operator * disebut?

Answer 6

dereferencing operator

Question 7

3 jenis memory?

Answer 7

1. static memory untuk global dan static variables live
2. heap memory dialokasikan secara dinamis pada saat execution time. (unnamed variable)
3. stack memory untuk automatic variable dan function parameters

Question 8

3 jenis program data?

Answer 8

1. static data, dialokasikan pada saat compiler time
2. dynamic data, secara explicit di alokasikan dan deallocated pada saat program execution. dengan operator new and delete
3. automatic data, secara otomatis dibuat pada function entry dan di hancurkan pada saat kembali ke function

Question 9

dangling pointer?

Answer 9

a pointer that does not point to anything. uninitialized and de-allocated pointer

Question 10

contoh dangling pointer?

Answer 10

int *p = new int;

Question 11

contoh passing by value?

Answer 11

void calculate (int a, int b){
       a = a+1;
       int c = a + b;
       cout << "c = " <<endl;
}

Question 12

contoh passing by address?

Answer 12

void calculate
       *a = *a+1;
       int c = *a + *b;
       cout << "c = " <<endl;
}

Question 13

contoh passing by reference?

Answer 13

void swap(int& x, int& y) {
   int temp = x;
   x = y;
   y = temp;
}

Question 14

contoh passing by const reference?

Answer 14

void calculate
        a = a+1; //error : cannot modify const object
        int c = a + b;
        cout << "c = " <<endl;
}