week 6 Flashcards
Gas and liquids entering the gas plant
typically pass through __________
INLET RECEVING
Pressure plays a major role in gas processing, as _________
from the field, through the gas plant, and into the sales gas line.
INLET COMPRESSION
involves _______ of the “acid gases” carbon dioxide (CO2
) and
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) along with other sulfur species to sufficiently low levels to
meet contractual specifications, to minimize pipeline corrosion, or to permit
additional processing in the plant without corrosion or plugging problems.
GAS TREATING
Approximately 93% of the sulfur produced in the United States goes into
production of sulfuric acid, which is used extensively in a wide variety of
industrial products.
SULFUR RECOVERY
Presently, there are no comparable processes for turning CO2
into useful
products, although research is underway.
ACID GAS INJECTION
Water needs to be removed to reduce pipeline corrosion and prevent line
blockage caused by hydrate formation.
DEHYDRATION
in a natural gas processing plant involves ________
valuable hydrocarbons (such as natural gas liquids, NGLs) from raw natural
gas to improve its quality, meet pipeline specifications, and maximize
economic value. (using refrigeration process)
HYDROCARBON RECOVERY
____________ is often removed (rejected) from natural gas because it is an
inert, non-combustible gas that reduces the energy value of the gas and
can cause operational issues. (often method to remove nitrogen - Cryogenic distillation)
NITROGEN REJECTION
is a valuable, non-renewable gas used in medical, industrial,
and scientific applications. It is often found in natural gas reservoirs,
especially those with high nitrogen content.
HELIUM RECOVERY
is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture that separates from natural gas when it
undergoes pressure and temperature changes. Processing the condensate
involves two steps: water washing and condensate stabilization.**
Natural gas condensate
of natural gas is the process of ________ natural gas to
approximately -162°C (-260°F) to convert it into a liquid form
(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG).
LIQUEFACTION
Natural gases commonly are classified according to their liquids
content as either ___or_____ and according to the sulfur content as either _______
or_______ .
lean
or rich
sweet
or sour
A ________ contains negligible amounts of H2S
sweet gas
____ is highly toxic, and in the presence of water it forms a
weak, corrosive acid.
Hydrogen sulfide
is nonflammable and, consequently, large quantities are
undesirable in a fuel. Like H2S, it forms a weak, corrosive acid in the presence
of water
Carbon dioxide
The reactions are __________. In the regeneration (stripper) column, heat is
applied to break the bonds and release the acid gases
SOLVENT ABSORPTION - AMINES
is an industrial method used to recover elemental sulfur
(S₈) from hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)
The Claus process
A _____________ plays a major role in many hydrocarbon recovery
processes, as it is used to cool the gas stream to recover a significant amount
of C2+ and to lower gas temperatures as the gas goes into other stages of
hydrocarbon recovery
refrigeration system
has unacceptable quantities of H2S
sour gas
is the most efficient and widely used method for
removing nitrogen (N₂) from natural gas when nitrogen content is high (above
6-8%). It uses low temperatures to separate nitrogen from hydrocarbons**
Cryogenic distillation
Processing the condensate
involves two steps: w
water washing and condensate stabilization
is a refrigeration process to turn a fluid
that is a gas at ambient temperatures into a liquid at cryogenic
temperatures
An LNG liquefaction cycle
hydrocarbon components separated from
natural gas during processing. They include:
Ethane (C₂H₆)
Propane (C₃H₈)
Butane (C₄H₁₀) & Isobutane (i-C₄H₁₀)
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
commonly used absorbents.
glycol (EG), diethylene glycol
(DEG), triethylene glycol
(TEG) and propylene glycol are
the
