Week 6 Flashcards
is one of the participatory tools used to build the capacity of community members in taking action in accordance with the problems, needs, and potentials of the community (see also problem analysis and decision making). Using participatory approaches in impact evaluation means involving stakeholders, particularly the participants in a program or those affected by a given policy in specific aspects of an evaluation process.
The Community Action Plan
is an urban planning paradigm that emphasizes involving the entire community in the strategic and management processes of urban planning; or, community-level planning processes, urban or rural. It is often considered as part of community development. Participatory planning aims to harmonize views among all of its participants as well as prevent conflict between opposing parties. In addition, marginalized groups have an opportunity to participate in the planning process.
Participatory planning
What is Participatory Planning?
II. The Need for Participatory Action Planning
- Public distrust of planning based on past practices Participatory planning is needed when there is public distrust of previous planning practice and/or where new development may lead to significant conflicts. Therefore, public relations consultants have been hired to ‘do public outreach, run community meetings, provide public notices and informational items to get the public involved’. This sounds less ambitious than many examples encountered in our research, but the point remains that there is a perceived need to make a step-change from past practices.
What is Participatory Planning?
II. The Need for Participatory Action Planning
- Governments’ desire to improve the co-ordination. Planning needs to change from a narrow, self-enclosed system of regulation to become a means of delivering development that achieves broader objectives, social justice and other sustainable development action initiatives. 3. Respect to Grassroots Community Planning practice needs to engage with the reality of diversity in today’s society. This means being aware of different cultures and ensuring that issues of diversity are addressed throughout the planning process. Traditional public participation has often failed to do this. Participatory planning is built around diversity, conflicting interests and the need to listen to the voices of marginalized groups. A recognition amongst governments and nongovernmental organizations that sustainable development requires consensus building and engagement with citizens.
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF PARTICIPATORY PLANNING?
Information
Consultation
Deciding together
Acting together
Supporting independent community initiatives
- The least you can do is tell people what is planned.
- Information
- You offer a number of options and listen to the feedback you get.
- Consultation
- You encourage others to provide some additional ideas and options, and join in deciding the best way forward.
- Deciding together
- Not only do different interests decide together what is best, but they form a partnership to carry it out.
- Acting together
- You help others do what they want - perhaps within a framework of grants, advice and support provided by the resource holder. Each of these levels may be appropriate in different circumstances, or with different groups, although only at “deciding together” and above do they really begin to be fully participatory in the sense that the term is used in this section.
- Supporting independent community initiatives
What is the history of Participatory Approach?
Participatory approaches are a product of long-lasting interaction between researchers, development workers, government agents and local populations. The history of participatory methods in development cooperation began in the late 1970s with the introduction of a new research approach called “Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)”, which immediately became popular with decision-makers in development agencies. Building on close collaboration with local populations RRAs were designed to collect first-hand data from the local people about their perceptions of their local environments and living conditions in rural areas. RRAs were usually conducted as 1-3 days workshops with villagers in the field and facilitated by small teams of RRA specialists or researchers.
What is the history of Participatory Approach?
RRAs were usually conducted as 1-3 days workshops with villagers in the field and facilitated by small teams of RRA specialists or researchers. RRA methods were specifically adapted to respond to local conditions. Thus, communication processes with illiterate persons not used to communication in abstract terms were carefully considered. Visualization using locally comprehensible symbols, and tools like mapping, diagramming and ranking were introduced. A limitation of RRA, however, was that it was extractive; the role of the local people was limited to providing information, while the power of decision-making about the use of this information remained in the hands of others.
What are the Steps of Participatory Approach
- Form a planning team
- Identify possible issues and list all broad groups of stakeholders 3. Carry out participants’ analysis 4. Determine the purpose and level of public participation
- Identify constraints and special circumstances
- Select a method (or a combination of methods) of participation
- Decide
Why are Monitoring and Evaluation Relevant?
Participatory Monitoring is the systematic recording and periodic analysis of information that has been chosen and recorded by insiders with the help of outsiders. Both insiders and outsiders can monitor participation, but it may be for very different reasons. Outsiders may be interested in equal community representation in decision making, while insiders may be interested in equal distribution of costs and benefits. Participation is often an outsider objective because they are concerned with equal representation of all elements and groups in the community. Outsiders may want to ensure, through monitoring participation, that all involved and affected people in the community are represented when decisions regarding activities are made.
Why are Monitoring and Evaluation Relevant?
The main purpose of Participatory Monitoring is that it provides information during the life of the project, so that adjustments and/or modifications can be made if necessary. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM& is a process in which all the stakeholders who took part of a certain project are engaged in the activities of monitoring, data collection and final evaluation. All stakeholders SHARE the planning framework, definition of indicators, control process, content, and final results. In the end, all stakeholders together are able to identify obstacles and complications; this is then followed by a series of learn lessons, corrective actions and a possible project reimplementation. It is an action oriented tool where all stakeholders become active participant s rather than just sources of information
