Week 6 Flashcards
What are the two main components of the vertebrate Immune system?
specialized cells and anatomical structures.
Describe the process of phagocytosis.
a cell binds to the item it wants to engulf on the cell surface and draws the item inward while engulfing around it. The process of phagocytosis often happens when the cell is trying to destroy something, like a virus or an infected cell, and is often used by immune system cells.
Which cells are important in innate response to a pathogen?
neutrophils and macrophages
What is a vaccine?
- a substance used to stimulate immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen
- Pathogen must be inactivated.
- Inactivated form of pathogen presented to immune system by injection, ingestion,
or inhalation. - Adaptive immune response stimulated
How do vaccines work?
When a person gets a vaccine, the immune system responds to the antigen as if it were exposed to the actual germ (it makes antibodies and remembers how to defeat it). Then, if the body gets exposed to the actual germ, the immune system can recognize it right away and quickly fight it off to prevent disease.
Explain the principle of a DNA vaccine.
It involves the direct introduction into appropriate tissues of a plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, and relies on the in situ production of the target antigen.
Which cells are important in the adaptive phase of an immune response?
lymphocytes, the T and B cells
In vertebrates, how is memory of a pathogen retained?
long-lived antigen-specific lymphocytes that were induced by the original exposure and that persist until a second encounter with the pathogen.
How do antibodies function?
Antibodies are proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced by your immune system, antibodies bind to these unwanted substances in order to eliminate them from your system. Another word for antibody is immunoglobulin
What is the function of Neutrophils?
Stimulate inflammation; phagocytosis.
Site of function: blood
Maturation location: bone marrow
What is a hematopoietic stem cell?
An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
What type of macromolecule is an antibody?
Protein
Discuss the genetic basis of antibodies.
Antibodies are produced from three pools of gene segments and exons. One pool encodes κ light chains, one encodes λ light chains, and one encodes heavy chains.
Diagram and label an antibody molecules.
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Describe the immune system of a plant.
