week 6 Flashcards
what component of blood is considered to be the liquid extracellular matrix of blood?
plasma
differentiate between erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
erythrocytes: red blood cells
leukocytes: white blood cells
platelets: small cellular fragments
name the 5 functions of blood
- pH regulation
- body temp regulation
- repair
- blood pressure
- transport
what is hematopoiesis and where does it take place
the formation of blood cells. takes place in the red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells
erythropoiesis vs leukopoiesis
erythropoiesis: formation of RBCs
leukopoiesis: formation of WBCs
what is the approx life span of an erythrocyte
around 120 days or 4 months
explain why erythrocytes have a unique shape as well as what they lack
in order to increase surface area for gas exchange
eryhthrocytes lack a nucleus as well as most organelles
what does hemoglobin break erythrocytes down into
amino acids, iron, heme
what is bilirubin
a waste product that comes from the breakdown of heme - excreted in urine and feces
what do red blood cells use to carry O2 and CO2?
Hemoglobin
what is erythropoietin
a hormone secreted by the kidneys that is required for red blood cell maturation
what are the names of the 5 different types of leukocytes?
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
describe neutrophils
neutrophils make up around 55% of the leukocytes in the body. they are the first responders and are always circulating and ready to act
describe eosinophils
they are phagocytes that are mainly involved in allergic reactions
describe basophils
they are the least common type of leukocytes. they are not phagocytes. they release chemicals that promote inflammation and are also mainly involved in allergic reactions
describe lymphocytes
they make up around 35% of leukocytes in the body. they are composed of T cells and B cells and help the body develop adaptive immunity. this helps the immune system remember pathogens
what is a macrophage
a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells
describe monocytes
phagocytes that turn into macrophages in the tissue.
define phagocytosis
a process by which phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells/particles
describe platelets
platelets are small fragments of cells broken off from megakaryocytes. they are important for stopping blood loss from an injured blood vessel. their lifespan is usually 7-10 days.
define an antigen
a unique glycoprotein found on the surface of all cells
name the antigens found on each unique blood type:
- type A:
- type B:
- type AB:
- type O:
- type A: only A antigens
- type B: only B antigens
- type AB: both A and B antigens
- type O: no antigens
what happens if you receive erythrocytes that have antigens that your body does not recognize or considers foreign?
your antibodies bind together and agglutinate which leads to hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells)
what blood types are the universal donor and the universal recipient and why?
universal donor: blood type O-
- no A B or Rh surface antigens - can be given to any blood type
universal recipient: blood type AB+
- no antibodies to A B or Rh antigens
name the 2 main components of the lymphatic system
- lymphatic vessels
- lymphatic tissues and organs
describe the main functions of the lymphatic system
- site of immune cell production, maturation and storage
- supports dietary fat absorption
- regulates interstitial fluid volume - picks up excess fluid in the extracellular spaces and deliver it back into the cardiovascular system
describe lymphatic tissue
it is a form of connective tissue. reticular fibers weave to form nets that catch foreign pathogens
describe lymph nodes
lymph nodes are clusters of lymphatic organs along the pathway of vessels - they trap and filter pathogens
